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This study found that higher serum IL-21 levels may serve as a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for alopecia areata, strongly correlating with disease activity.

This study found no significant association between vitamin D levels and alopecia areata in patients when gender was accounted for, but vitamin D levels were lower in patients with nail involvement.

This review examines the role of IL-15 in alopecia areata treatment but reports no clinical results, as there are currently insufficient studies to determine its therapeutic potential.

This study found significantly higher levels of Toll-Like Receptor 4, interferon gamma, and interleukin-17 in Iraqi patients with alopecia areata compared to controls, suggesting these immune markers play a crucial role in the disease's development and could be targets for future treatments.

The study reported that patients with alopecia areata had significantly higher serum levels of IL-17A and IL-2 compared to healthy controls, suggesting these interleukins may play an important role in the disease, though they did not correlate with its severity or duration.

This study observed lower vitamin D levels in alopecia areata patients compared to healthy controls and suggested a possible causal role of vitamin D deficiency in the condition.

This study found that serum IL-17A levels were significantly higher in patients with alopecia areata compared to healthy controls and correlated with disease severity and activity.

This article reviews the genetic associations between MTHFR mutations, homocysteine levels, and autoimmune diseases, without reporting new experimental results.

In this study, human dermal papilla cells exposed to wasabi leaf extract showed changes in cytokine-related gene expression, which the authors suggest could help clarify the biological effects of wasabi.

In this review, researchers examined the concentration of cortisol in scalp hair of individuals with alopecia areata to explore its relationship with disease variables, as cortisol in hair can indicate chronic stress, which may impact alopecia areata pathogenesis.

This study observed that patients with alopecia areata had significantly different levels of oxidative stress markers SOD and MDA compared to controls.

This article suggests that modern lifestyle changes, including diet, stress, and chronic anti-inflammatory medication use, may disrupt the natural process of inflammation resolution, increasing vulnerability to chronic disease.

This study found that patients with alopecia areata had significantly lower serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D compared to control subjects.

This study found that using a low-level laser comb led to hair regrowth in a mouse model of alopecia areata, while sham-treated mice showed no hair regrowth.

CD44 variant changes start alopecia areata, but don't maintain it.

Certain immune cells in atopic dermatitis skin could be targeted for treatment.

This study found that IL-7 is crucial for the survival of memory regulatory T cells in the skin of mice, whereas IL-2 is essential for their initial generation but not for their maintenance.

This review explores the role of regulatory T cells in autoimmune skin disorders like alopecia areata and vitiligo, emphasizing unanswered questions and reporting no new experimental results.

This study found that IFN-γ plays a critical role in T cell activation and the pathogenesis of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice.

This case report describes an instance of alopecia and severe seborrhoeic dermatitis potentially linked to the immune response from starting combination antiretroviral therapy for acute retroviral syndrome.

This study explored the immune environment of the hair follicle's bulge region and suggested that its unique signaling may prevent melanoma formation by lacking necessary proinflammatory signals for full oncogenic transformation, indicating potential strategies for melanoma prevention by replicating this immune-privileged environment.

This article describes how HIV-related skin disorders vary in presentation among pigmented skin types and highlights challenges in their diagnosis due to atypical disease manifestations.

This study observed no significant difference in vitamin D levels between children with alopecia areata and controls, but higher complete improvement in alopecia was noted among patients with vitamin D deficiency undergoing oral vitamin D treatment.

In this study, researchers identified 19 genetic risk loci and highlighted 16 candidate causal genes, including immune-related ones, associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, emphasizing the role of specific immune cells like T cells and NK cells in its pathogenesis.

This study observed that, contrary to common belief, aged Balb/C mice showed better wound healing than younger mice despite greater weight loss, possibly due to increased T regulatory cells.

This study identified intramembrane proteolysis as a key feature of Astrotactin2 maturation, providing insights into its role in planar cell polarity hair patterning.

People with acne have more CD4+ immune cells in their skin than healthy people.

This study showed that in C3H/HeJ mice, focal follicular inflammation starts before overt hair loss, with inflammation severity possibly reaching a threshold causing hair follicle dystrophy prior to visible hair loss.

This case report describes a 29-year-old woman with longstanding alopecia areata who experienced improvement in her scalp hair loss after 7 years of topical treatment with squaric acid dibutylester.

This review discusses recent advances in understanding gender differences in skin and their implications for dermatologic diseases, but it reports no new experimental results; ongoing research is necessary for translating these insights into clinical practice.