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This review discusses recent findings on the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the strong correlation between reflectance confocal microscopy images and horizontal histopathology in diagnosing skin tumors, highlighting the reliability of this non-invasive technique; no new clinical results are reported.

This study found that UV exposure in human skin induces IL-10 production by macrophages, while Langerhans cells are depleted and their IL-12 production is downregulated.

This review discusses the roles of metabolism, reactive oxygen species, intracellular pH, and cell morphology in influencing cell fate decisions during stem cell differentiation but reports no new experimental results.

This review compiles epidemiological data on actinic keratoses and suggests promoting strategies like early diagnosis and photoprotection to prevent progression to skin cancer, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study investigated the impact of the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib on APS-1 patients, reporting that treatment decreased excessive T-cell-derived interferon-γ, normalized inflammatory markers, and led to remission of several autoimmune symptoms without serious adverse effects.

This study suggests that vitamin A influences the immune response and hair cycle, affecting the progression of alopecia areata in mouse models.

This review discusses the links between metabolic syndrome and various skin diseases, exploring shared mechanisms such as insulin resistance and inflammation, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that CD44 and CD49d together enhance signaling pathways in lymphocytes in mice with alopecia areata, influencing their activation and function.

In this study, researchers demonstrated that the expression of the oncogene SmoM2 leads to basal cell carcinoma in the ear epidermis of mice but not in the back skin, with differences in susceptibility linked to the composition of the extracellular matrix.

This review highlights the mixed roles of testosterone in COVID-19, noting both potential benefits through anti-inflammatory effects and risks due to increased virus entry, with low testosterone linked to increased severity.

This review focuses on the role of the transcription factor Foxn1 in skin biology and discusses its potential implications for regenerative medicine, but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses sex differences in immune responses to COVID-19 and highlights that males tend to experience more severe symptoms and higher mortality but reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses leptin's regulatory roles in the progression of various dermatological diseases and reports no new clinical results, highlighting a complex relationship still under investigation.

In this study, repeated pregnancies in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus altered skin inflammation and cytokine expression but worsened kidney function and survival compared to controls.

This review discusses mechanisms of wound healing impairment in leptin-deficient murine models used for diabetic research, and reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize the need for further study.

This review discusses how extracellular vesicles play a dual role in age-related diseases by contributing to both disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies through the transfer of specific molecules.

This study found that targeting IL-6, IL-1, and CCR6 signaling pathways may effectively reduce irradiation-induced alopecia and dermatitis in radiotherapy patients.

This study found that dutasteride affected spinal bone formation in curdlan-treated SKG mice, while DHT treatment reduced osteoblast differentiation in vitro, suggesting that DHT inhibition might unexpectedly increase spinal ankylosis progression in ankylosing spondylitis patients.

This article reviews current research on the link between COVID-19 and alopecia areata, suggesting COVID-19 may increase the risk of autoimmune diseases, including alopecia, especially in those over 40, and discusses potential mechanisms and treatment options.

This study found that IL-1α promotes hair follicle regeneration and stem cell activation in an age-dependent manner by modulating inflammatory cells and oxidative stress in mice.

This study highlights emerging research on lactate's biological roles in skin health, emphasizing its function as a signaling molecule that regulates skin barrier and immunity, and notes its therapeutic potential for skin conditions such as tumors and inflammatory diseases.

This study examined aging hair follicle stem cells in mice and found that inflammation reduction in dermal white adipose tissue can stimulate regenerative behavior, highlighting its role in hair follicle aging.

In this study using the C3H/HeJ mouse model of alopecia areata, researchers found that hyperexpanded CD8⁺ T cell clones were sufficient to initiate disease, establishing a causal link between T cell clonality and pathogenicity.

This review explores whether SARS-CoV-2 could trigger or worsen α-synucleinopathies, like Parkinson's disease, by affecting α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation, potentially linking COVID-19 with the development of parkinsonism-like symptoms.

This review discusses the use of zinc supplementation in dermatology for various skin conditions and reports no new clinical results, providing references for its application.

This study observed that individuals with Down syndrome exhibit early immune dysregulation, including multi-organ autoimmunity and hypercytokinemia, and found that the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib showed a good safety profile and reduced skin pathology in a Phase II trial.

This review suggests that vitamin D3 deficiency and the colonization of oral mucosa by *Candida* fungi may contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis, highlighting the potential interaction between vitamin D, microbiome imbalance, and fungal infections in the disease's progression.

In this study, combining compound glycyrrhizin with topical minoxidil was more effective and as safe as minoxidil alone for treating alopecia areata.

This study found that in a mouse model of psoriasis, depleting CD169⁺ macrophages led to milder symptoms and decreased inflammation, suggesting these macrophages play a crucial role in psoriasis development.