T Cell and Bacterial Microbiota Interaction at Intestinal and Skin Epithelial Interfaces

This review explores the interactions between T cells and bacterial microbiota at the skin and intestinal epithelial interfaces, emphasizing the importance of these interactions in maintaining homeostasis and protecting against pathogens. It highlights the diverse types of T cells present, including conventional and unconventional T cells, and their roles in immune responses. The microbiota significantly influences T-cell function, with specific bacterial strains inducing various T-cell responses. The review also discusses the role of microbiota-derived metabolites in modulating T-cell responses and the plasticity of Th17 cells. Dysregulation of these interactions can lead to autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, underscoring the need for further research to improve immune-directed therapies for barrier diseases.