Microbial Biosurfactant as an Alternative to Chemical Surfactants for Application in Cosmetic Industries in Personal and Skin Care Products: A Critical Review

The review discusses the potential of microbial biosurfactants as a safer alternative to chemical surfactants in cosmetics and personal care products. Chemical surfactants can cause skin irritations and allergic reactions, and negatively impact the skin's microbiota. Biosurfactants are biocompatible, low-toxic, and can be obtained from renewable sources. They are biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and have multifunctional properties such as detergency, emulsifying, foaming, and skin moisturizing capabilities. Some biosurfactants also have potential antibacterial properties. The review also highlights the potential of plant-based biosurfactants, specifically saponins, which are less toxic and harmful than synthetic chemicals. Biosurfactants have been shown to be compatible with human skin in in vitro experiments and are suitable for use in various cosmetic items. They also have antimicrobial properties and can inhibit several skin pathogens. Microbial biosurfactants, such as glycolipid biosurfactants and rhamnolipids, have been found to have antibacterial and antibiofilm properties, making them effective in combating skin infections and diseases associated with biofilms. They have also been shown to be effective in moisturizing the skin and repairing hair damage. The review concludes that microbial biosurfactants could enhance the effectiveness of cosmetics and personal care products, but further research is needed to fully understand their interactions with the skin and their broader applications.