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This review discusses how recent studies use models and experiments to understand immune system signaling, but it reports no new clinical findings; the authors suggest strategies for improving these models.

This study reported that the most reliable way to differentiate alopecia areata from androgenic alopecia is by detecting intrafollicular CD3 and CD8 cell density, with CD3 being the most specific and sensitive marker.

This review explores the role of Tregs in autoimmune skin diseases, transplantation, and skin cancer, and discusses Tregs-based therapies' potential for treating autoimmunity without reporting new experimental results.

This manuscript reviews the latest understanding of alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, with a focus on immune responses involving IFN-γ and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells as key contributors to hair follicle inflammation and function disruption without follicle destruction.

The study investigated immune cell patterns around the hair follicle infundibulum in androgenetic alopecia, revealing significant differences in immune signatures between patients with AGA and control donors, specifically noting an enrichment of CD4 cells in the patient group.

This study observed that adult Netherton syndrome patients showed a range of normal to diminished immune responses to polysaccharide, conjugate, and mRNA-based vaccines, with responses generally overlapping those of healthy controls, suggesting no consistent B- or T-cell immunodeficiency in this population.

This study found that in lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B patients, tenofovir significantly reduced HBV DNA levels faster and more consistently than adefovir, reaching undetectable levels in all treated patients by 44 weeks.

This study found that dermatoses are common in people living with HIV and may serve as indicators of disease stage, with certain conditions more prevalent when CD4+ counts are below 200/mm³.

This study suggests that hypersensitivity and increased serum IgE levels might contribute to the pathogenesis of diffuse alopecia areata through intense local inflammatory infiltration.

This review discusses the potential of targeting Coenzyme A metabolism to restore metabolic balance, reduce chronic inflammation, and enhance immune function, particularly by modulating Vitamin B5 pathways involved in Th17-mediated inflammation and CD8-dependent anti-tumor immunity.

This study found that antroquinonol inhibited CD8+ T cell proliferation and reduced proinflammatory cytokine secretion in vitro, while also ameliorating H2O2-induced depigmentation and resisting reductions in hair follicle length, skin thickness, and tyrosinase expression in mice.

This study found that the presence of CD3(+) T-cells within empty follicular fibrous tracts is a reliable indicator for diagnosing diffuse alopecia areata instead of pattern hair loss.

This review explores the role of regulatory T cells in autoimmune skin disorders like alopecia areata and vitiligo, emphasizing unanswered questions and reporting no new experimental results.

This study found that thymus transplantation in athymic mice resulted in T-cell-driven hair follicle depigmentation and loss, without multiorgan autoimmune disease, highlighting mechanisms of tissue-specific tolerance.

In this narrative review, researchers outlined the role of T cells in the autoimmune pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlighted ongoing research into therapeutic pathways, beyond current JAK inhibitors, aimed at developing new treatments for the disease.

This review discusses the role of the TCL1 transgenic mouse model in understanding chronic lymphocytic leukemia biology and highlights the importance of exploring new pathogenetic and therapeutic targets.

This study found that T-regulatory cells, specifically the FOXP3 CD39 subset, were significantly reduced in both circulation and hair follicles of alopecia areata patients compared to healthy subjects, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

This review discusses the role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlights emerging immunomodulatory strategies and novel therapeutic targets aimed at offering more effective and durable treatments for this autoimmune hair loss disorder.

This case report describes the first dermoscopic evaluation of alopecia areata-like disease in a dog, where the condition mirrored human cases in terms of clinical presentation and treatment response.

This article describes a rare case of alopecia with both scarring and non-scarring features, combining histologic signs of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia with select immunologic features of alopecia areata.

This study suggests that the outer root sheath of human hair follicles may act as a "metabolic center," capable of synthesizing glucose from lactate, which supports glycogen metabolism.

This review discusses recent advances in understanding alopecia areata's disease mechanisms and highlights JAK molecules as promising therapeutic targets, but reports no new clinical results; controlled trials are needed.

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss with no cure and treatments that often don't work well.

This study found that dermal injection of M-CSF stimulated CD11b + myeloid cells can induce alopecia areata in mice by potentially activating B lymphocytes, offering insight into the disease's pathogenesis.

This case report describes a child with hypopigmented mycosis fungoides successfully treated with UVA1 light therapy.

This study explored peripheral blood immune dysregulation in alopecia areata through single-cell analyses, identifying systemic changes linked to disease severity and key signaling roles for monocytes, NK cells, and memory T cells, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical evaluation, and pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlights recent advancements, but it does not report new clinical findings.

In this study, researchers identified a specific T cell receptor associated with carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions, demonstrating its potential for therapeutic development in patients with the HLA-B*15:02 genotype.

This article discusses the etiology, clinical features, and treatment of alopecia areata but presents no new clinical findings, underlining the palliative nature of current therapies.

This study reported that alopecia occurred in 2.5% of patients with mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome, with some cases resembling alopecia areata and others associated with specific skin lesions.