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    Glossary Bulge Area

    specific region in hair follicle housing stem cells

    The bulge area is a specific region located in the outer root sheath of a hair follicle. It serves as a reservoir for stem cells that are crucial for hair growth and regeneration. These stem cells can also contribute to the repair of the skin and other tissues, making the bulge area essential for both hair follicle cycling and wound healing.

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    1. Involvement of the bulge region with decreased expression of hair follicle stem cell markers in senile female cases of alopecia areata 2010 · 20 citations
    2. The Contributory Roles of Th17 Lymphocyte and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte at the Hair Bulge Region as Well as the Hair Bulb Area in the Chronic Alopecia Areata Patients 2017 · 18 citations
    3. 083 More Expression of IL-17 than IFN-γ from CD49a-negative Tissue-Resident Memory T (Trm) cells at the Hair Bulge and Hair Bulb Region in the Scalp of Chronic Alopecia Areata Patients according to the Foxp3+mTregs depletion Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2019
    4. Partial Alopecia Area Retains Bulge Hair Follicle Progenitor Cells in Indian Androgenetic Alopecia Patients International Journal of Trichology · 2025
    5. Partial alopecia area retains bulge hair follicle progenitor cells in Indian androgenetic alopecia patients bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2023
    6. Histopathology of alopecia areata, acute and chronic: Why is it important to the clinician? Dermatologic Therapy · 2011 · 43 citations
    7. Canine hair‐follicle keratinocytes enriched with bulge cells have the highly proliferative characteristic of stem cells Veterinary Dermatology · 2009 · 37 citations
    8. The effect of proteolytic enzymes on hair follicles of transgenic mice expressing the lac Z‐protein in cells of the bulge region 1999 · 5 citations
    9. Immune privilege and alopecia areata Expert review of dermatology · 2010 · 4 citations
    10. Uloga folikularnih matičnih stanica u patofiziologiji alopecije areate 2015
    11. JAK INHIBITORS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALOPECIA AREATA Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026
    12. JAK INHIBITORS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALOPECIA AREATA Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026
    13. Predominant expression of interleukin (IL)‐17 in chronic alopecia areata compared to IFN‐γ in pathogenic Th17 cells, tissue‐resident memory T cells and natural killer cells JEADV Clinical Practice · 2023 · 3 citations
    14. Role of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) in alopecia areata: A literature review Bali Medical Journal · 2020
    15. Role of bulge cells in wound healing: possible implications for hidradenitis suppurativa Experimental dermatology · 2006
    16. 031 Inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissue (iSALT) is detected in the scalp treated with topical immunotherapy for alopecia areata 2017
    17. Keratin 15 Promoter Targets Putative Epithelial Stem Cells in the Hair Follicle Bulge Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2003 · 387 citations
    18. PRP: Alopecia Areata an Autoimmune Destruction of the Hair Journal of dermatology and dermatitis · 2018
    19. The Biology of Hair Follicles The New England Journal of Medicine · 1999 · 1113 citations
    20. Isolation of a Novel Population of Multipotent Adult Stem Cells from Human Hair Follicles American Journal Of Pathology · 2006 · 344 citations
    21. Regenerating the skin: a task for the heterogeneous stem cell pool and surrounding niche Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · 2013 · 133 citations
    22. Cytokeratin 15 expression in trichoepitheliomas and a subset of basal cell carcinomas suggests they originate from hair follicle stem cells Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · 1999 · 133 citations
    23. Markers of Epidermal Stem Cell Subpopulations in Adult Mammalian Skin Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · 2014 · 96 citations
    24. Human follicular stem cells: their presence in plucked hair and follicular cell culture British Journal of Dermatology · 2004 · 82 citations
    25. In Vitro Differences Between Keratinocyte Stem Cells and Transit-Amplifying Cells of the Human Hair Follicle Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2005 · 52 citations
    26. Ephrins Negatively Regulate Cell Proliferation in the Epidermis and Hair Follicle Stem Cells · 2010 · 39 citations
    27. Stem cells and alopecia: a review of pathogenesis British Journal of Dermatology · 2012 · 33 citations
    28. Hair follicle stem cells in the pathogenesis of the scarring process in cutaneous lupus erythematosus Autoimmunity Reviews · 2009 · 31 citations
    29. Isoproterenol directs hair follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells to differentiate <i>in vitro</i> to cardiac muscle cells which can be induced to form beating heart-muscle tissue sheets 2016 · 29 citations
    30. Hair Cycle-Specific Immunolocalization of Retinoic Acid Synthesizing Enzymes Aldh1a2 and Aldh1a3 Indicate Complex Regulation 2004 · 29 citations