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High levels of male hormones, insulin resistance, and obesity are closely linked and worsen polycystic ovary syndrome, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

Sulforaphane from broccoli can help protect skin from sun damage.

Two enzymes regulate androgen receptor activity, affecting treatments for androgen insufficiency and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.

Minoxidil slows down skin cell growth and may help treat scars and skin conditions.

Scientists improved an enzyme to better produce a hair growth-promoting chemical from an immunosuppressant.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause serious and possibly lasting sexual and psychological side effects.

Sebocytes play a key role in controlling androgen levels in human skin.

Trichohyalin is modified by enzymes to form strong structures in hair cells.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause sexual problems, higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and depression.

Maintaining the right amount of retinoic acid is crucial for healthy hair and skin.

Genetics play a role in acne, but how exactly they contribute is not fully understood.

Stress and alcohol affect brain chemicals differently in rats, mice, and humans, influenced by genetic differences.

Polyamines are important for hair growth, but more research is needed to understand their functions and treatment potential.

Phospholipase A2 enzymes play key roles in skin health and disease.

The tropical legume Sesbania rostrata can form nodules in waterlogged conditions using a different method that involves plant hormones and specific genes.

High energy boosts root hair growth in plants, while low energy stops it.

Glycine slows main root growth but boosts root hair growth in habanero peppers.

Enzymes involved in Vitamin A metabolism affect hair growth and type in mice.

Plant roots respond to fungus smells by possibly using certain proteins and a plant hormone to change root growth, but more research is needed.

Enzymes called 5α-reductases have many body functions and need more research to safely use inhibitors.

Hair loss involves immune responses, inflammation, and disrupted signaling pathways.

People with alopecia areata have higher levels of RBP4 protein and antibodies against it.

Human hair follicles can make and process prostaglandins, which may affect hair growth.

All five human steroid 5α-reductase enzymes are found in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Minoxidil may work for hair loss by reducing androgen sensitivity and altering hormone-related enzymes.

Oral retinoids are effective for various skin conditions but have side effects and should not be used during pregnancy.

We need to learn more about 5α-reductases and neuroactive steroids to safely make drugs targeting these enzymes.

Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin, which help protect and maintain it.

Methotrexate treats various disorders by inhibiting DNA synthesis, but careful monitoring is needed to avoid toxicity and manage side effects.