Root Hair Growth From the pH Point of View

July 2022 in “ Frontiers in plant science ”

Anett Stéger, Michael G. Palmgren

pH root hair growth reactive oxygen species ROS cytoplasmic Ca²+ levels cell wall extensibility Ca²+ channels cell wall-loosening enzymes expansins pectate lyases plasma membrane H+-ATPases AHA7 AHA2 RALF peptides FERONIA receptor

Studysummary This review outlines the current understanding of how pH contributes to root hair development and reports no new experimental findings.

Our plain-language summary. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer

The review article examines the significance of pH in the growth of root hairs, which are essential for water and nutrient uptake in plants. It explains that root hair growth is confined to the tip and occurs in pulses, which are associated with fluctuations in pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytoplasmic Ca²+ levels. These fluctuations are thought to affect cell wall extensibility and the opening of Ca²+ channels. The document also delves into the role of cell wall-loosening enzymes like expansins and pectate lyases, which are active at different pH levels, and plasma membrane H+-ATPases, particularly AHA7 and AHA2, in facilitating these growth oscillations. Furthermore, it discusses the interaction between RALF peptides and the FERONIA receptor, which may regulate H+-ATPase activity and thus root hair growth. The conclusion drawn is that pH changes are integral to root hair development, as they influence the activity of enzymes and proteins that control cell wall dynamics and growth patterns.

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Research cited in this study

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research A Temperature-Sensitive FERONIA Mutant Allele That Alters Root Hair Growth

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research Root Hair Growth: It's a One Way Street

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research A Receptor-Like Kinase Mediates Ammonium Homeostasis and Is Important for the Polar Growth of Root Hairs in Arabidopsis

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research O-Glycosylated Cell Wall Proteins Are Essential in Root Hair Growth

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In Arabidopsis thaliana, this study found that proper O-glycosylation of extensins is crucial for root hair elongation and self-assembly of the cell wall.

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research Comparative Proteomics Indicates That Biosynthesis of Pectic Precursors Is Important for Cotton Fiber and Arabidopsis Root Hair Elongation

169 citations , June 2010 in “Molecular & cellular proteomics”

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research Cis-Element and Transcriptome-Based Screening of Root Hair-Specific Genes and Their Functional Characterization in Arabidopsis

188 citations , May 2009 in “Plant physiology”

This study identified 19 specific genes involved in root hair growth and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis, using a combination of computational and experimental methods.

research Stimulation of Root Hair Elongation in Arabidopsis Thaliana by Low Phosphorus Availability

578 citations , May 1996 in “Plant Cell & Environment”

This study found that Arabidopsis thaliana plants developed longer root hairs under low phosphorus conditions, suggesting auxin involvement in this adaptive response.