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This report describes a patient with biotinidase deficiency presenting bilateral optic atrophy, and confirms autosomal recessive inheritance through enzyme dosage analysis in the patient and family members.

This review highlights that bicalutamide, a non-steroidal antiandrogen used in prostate cancer treatment, is mainly effective through its (R)-enantiomer and emphasizes the need to monitor its adverse effects despite its targeted antiandrogenic action.

This article analyzes various cases of weak or low-dose endocrine effects in laboratory animals and highlights challenges in data interpretation due to variability among controls, but reports no new experimental findings.

This study suggests that biotin therapy may be beneficial for individuals with partial biotinidase deficiency, as some developed symptoms later, which resolved with treatment.

This study concluded that albumin-bound testosterone is biologically important and significantly contributes to testosterone bioavailability in women receiving spironolactone.

This study presents a method using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to quantify biotin in plasma and serum, and explores how high biotin intake can interfere with diagnostic immunoassays that utilize biotin-streptavidin technology, potentially leading to misdiagnosis of endocrine disorders.

This study demonstrates that bioequivalence for proposed 50-mg ritlecitinib capsules versus clinical 100-mg capsules can be supported using a PBPK model-based biowaiver, achieving over 90% probability of success.

This article discusses the importance of considering biotinidase deficiency in differential diagnosis for patients with certain neurological and dermatological symptoms, as timely treatment with biotin is crucial to prevent severe consequences.

This study found that increasing a drug's lipophilicity and adding ethanol to the donor phase can enhance its delivery to the hair follicle, although the precise transport mechanism remains unclear.

This study found that injectable finasteride microspheres provided a sustained drug release with a minimal initial burst in albino rabbits compared to oral suspension.

This review discusses the role of biotin in metabolism and the consequences of its deficiency, reporting no new clinical results.

This review discusses biotinidase deficiency, noting that biotin treatment from birth can prevent symptoms, but acknowledges the complexity and need for further understanding due to late-onset cases with varied clinical findings.

This study reports that finasteride administered orally in humans is mainly metabolized through oxidative pathways, with most of the dose excreted as metabolites, primarily in the feces.

This review discusses biotin and biotinidase deficiencies, their symptoms, and methods of medical management, without presenting new clinical findings.

This study found that the dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion system significantly improved the solubility and bioavailability of finasteride compared to the drug alone, enhancing its absorption rate.

This review discusses various methods to assess bioequivalence between dermatologic drugs and highlights the potential of visual inspection and percutaneous penetration research.

This study found that finasteride's solubility and bioavailability were improved when using a dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex compared to the drug alone.

This study found that topical minoxidil solutions showed the highest skin permeation at 3-4% concentrations, with crystallization occurring at a 5% concentration due to vehicle component evaporation.

This study suggests that minoxidil may serve as a suitable reference drug for high permeability classification in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System due to its consistent permeability across different intestinal segments and pH levels.

This study found that paracellular transport significantly contributes to the intestinal permeability of minoxidil, suggesting its limited suitability as a Biopharmaceutics Classification System reference drug due to potential variability.

This study highlights two newly discovered metabolic disorders of biotin, showing distinct skin and hair symptoms and severe complications like acidosis and ketosis.

This case study of three siblings highlights the importance of recognizing dermatologic signs—alopecia and periorificial dermatitis—for early diagnosis and treatment of biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency.

This article reviews the role of enzymatic processes in drug and toxin metabolism, emphasizing their impact on solubility and elimination, without presenting new clinical findings.

This review highlights cobalt's essential role in vitamin B12 metabolism and its biomedical applications but also warns of health risks from high levels and environmental contamination, discussing remediation methods like phytoremediation.

This study found that while biotin treatment improves clinical and biochemical symptoms in patients with biotinidase deficiency, some experience lasting neurological damage, and it is uncertain if early treatment can prevent this.

This review discusses attempts to confirm low-dose effects in rodent endocrine studies and reports no findings; variability in control groups hinders demonstrating weak effects.

This study explores how applying fundamental physics in microgravity environments could potentially double the bioavailability of space pharmaceuticals by excluding substrate concentrations during preparation, though results require validation through future experiments or clinical trials.

This review suggests that skin may largely protect itself from CYP-generated reactive metabolites due to higher conjugating enzyme activities, while highlighting limitations in modeling human skin metabolism experimentally.