16 citations
,
May 2000 in “Endocrinology” This study identified a new gene, mrp4, in mice, which suggests it may have a unique role in the growth and development of hair follicles in the ears and tails.
45 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” This article reviews the use of cross-sex hormonal therapy in transmen and reports that it is reasonably safe, suggesting monitoring should be frequent initially but can be less frequent over time.
9 citations
,
April 2018 in “Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology” This review presents the practice of using hair bioelement analysis to assess nutritional status or environmental exposure, proposing complex interactions and hypotheses regarding depression and autism but reports no new clinical results.
November 2025 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” This review outlines advances in topical PROTACs for localized protein degradation, focusing on AH-001 and GT20029 for skin conditions, but presents no new clinical trial results.
23 citations
,
May 2019 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents” This review discusses AR-modulating agents developed between 2012 and 2018, highlighting challenges with ligand-binding domain antagonists and proposing nonconventional approaches targeting other domains as promising strategies.
9 citations
,
October 2025 in “MedComm” This review discusses the development and clinical progression of PROTAC technology for targeted protein degradation, highlighting its potential to address previously "undruggable" targets but reports no new clinical results.
4 citations
,
June 2025 in “MedComm” This review detailed the significant progress and challenges in the design and application of PROTACs, a novel class of cancer therapeutics, highlighting their clinical trials, design complexities, and the role of artificial intelligence in improving their efficacy and selectivity for cancer therapy.
April 2026 in “Future Medicinal Chemistry” This article discusses the impact of PROTACs technology in transforming drug discovery with its novel degradation mechanism, but it reports no new experimental findings.
2 citations
,
November 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” This article discusses the role of the androgen receptor in regulating development and homeostasis, and reviews treatment approaches for conditions related to hormone imbalances, without reporting new clinical findings.
June 2026 in “Acta Pharmacologica Sinica” This review highlights how integrating medicinal chemistry with delivery science could transform the limitations of PROTACs—such as poor solubility and low cell permeability—into strengths, potentially advancing these compounds from experimental stages to clinical applications by optimizing their delivery and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
1540 citations
,
October 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” This review discusses the definition of polycystic ovary syndrome proposed by the AE-PCOS Society Task Force, emphasizing hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and excluding related disorders, while noting potential variations needing more research.
124 citations
,
July 2012 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This review discusses the roles of androgens and androgen receptors in skin-related disorders and suggests that targeting androgen receptors may be a more effective treatment strategy.
82 citations
,
February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study found that in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia, a 3-month treatment with a long-acting GnRH agonist significantly reduced intraprostatic DHT and 3α-diol levels by about 90% and testosterone by about 75%.
50 citations
,
March 2001 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Genes and hormones cause hair loss, with four genes contributing equally.
35 citations
,
March 2012 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” This article discusses various causes of hyperandrogenism in women and highlights diagnostic considerations for conditions such as PCOS, NCCAH, Cushing's disease, and androgen-secreting tumors, without reporting new clinical results.
28 citations
,
August 2003 in “Steroids” This study found that untreated hirsute patients have lower expression of type 2 17β-HSD mRNA in scalp hairs, indicating potential disturbances in androgen metabolism, compared to treated hirsute patients.
24 citations
,
March 2017 in “Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics” The study found that women with hyperandrogenic PCOS have higher levels of AKT1 and AKT2 proteins in their cells, which may lead to cell dysfunction.
23 citations
,
May 2009 in “International Journal of Dermatology” In this study, no association was found between the AR gene and type II androgenetic alopecia in Egyptian women, suggesting it is not a useful biomarker for predisposition.
19 citations
,
March 1998 in “Endocrinology” This study found that sex differences in somatostatin biosynthesis in rat hypothalamic neurons develop between postnatal day 1 and 5, influenced by the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.
16 citations
,
September 2014 in “International Journal of Biological Markers” This study found that the less common CAG-rs4045402 and GGN-rs3138869 polymorphisms were more frequent in patients with post-finasteride syndrome and androgenetic alopecia, suggesting a genetic predisposition to AGA development.
15 citations
,
June 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology” This review discusses recent genetic findings on hormonal signaling pathways in androgenetic alopecia, reporting no new study results but highlighting the need for further investigation.
12 citations
,
September 2017 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” This review analyzes how androgens impact sexual desire and reproductive behaviors, emphasizing molecular interactions, but provides no new clinical results.
7 citations
,
July 2014 in “Reproductive Biomedicine Online” This study found that, among fertile egg donors, the AR gene CAG polymorphism was associated with differences in antral follicle count but did not impact ovarian response to gonadotrophins.
2 citations
,
January 2018 in “PubMed” This case report describes a 45-year-old man with a pituitary macroadenoma whose symptoms and tumor size improved significantly after one month of treatment with cabergoline.
1 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences” Finasteride may decrease semen quality but not harm sperm production, and stopping the drug can improve semen quality; hyperprolactinemia can cause infertility but is treatable with medication.
This study investigated the mechanisms of Platycladi Cacumen in treating androgenetic alopecia, identifying potential key components and targets but found no specific targets or regulatory mechanisms.
June 2024 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study found that among young women in West Bengal, India, co-occurring PCOS and related conditions like estrogen resistance and leptin receptor insufficiency are common, with notable genetic variations identified, including impairments in leptin signaling and insulin resistance.
October 2024 in “Journal of Medical and Scientific Research” This study found that serum prolactin levels were significantly higher in patients with psoriasis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo compared to healthy controls, and prolactin levels were also correlated with disease severity in psoriasis and alopecia areata patients.
136 citations
,
February 2017 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study observed that autologous platelet-rich plasma treatment improved hair count and density in areas with androgenetic alopecia compared to placebo, with differing outcomes based on the PRP collection device used.
101 citations
,
March 2019 in “Cell Stem Cell” This study found that Oncostatin M, via JAK-STAT5 signaling, keeps hair follicle stem cells inactive, and its removal leads to hair growth initiation in mice.