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APS-1 in Italy shows diverse AIRE mutations and various autoimmune issues.

Genetic variation in the androgen receptor gene mainly causes early-onset hair loss, with maternal inheritance playing a key role.

Lysophosphatidic acid is important for skin health and disease, and could be a target for new skin disorder treatments.

Agaricus bisporus derived β-Glucan could be an effective cervical cancer treatment with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Terbinafine is more effective than itraconazole for toenail fungus, especially in older patients, and debridement improves its effectiveness.

Lower SHBG levels may increase the risk of PCOS.

Terpene concentrations in coniferous trees are highest in spring and summer, making these seasons best for extracting essential oils.

Daughters of women with PCOS generally experience normal puberty but may have more body hair and different body fat distribution.

Accurate method measures finasteride levels in human plasma using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Nanotechnology improves minoxidil treatment for hair loss.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

Cocaine impairs male sexual behavior and alters testosterone metabolism in the brain.

Hair follicle regeneration may slow tumor growth.

Increasing Treg cells in the skin does not cure hair loss from alopecia areata in mice.

The Middle East and Africa need better data, treatment consensus, and support for Alopecia Areata.

Surface-modified nanostructured lipid carriers can improve hair growth treatments.

The right amount of retinoic acid is essential for normal hair growth and development.

α-Phellandrene may help prevent hair loss by increasing growth factors and cell growth in hair cells through a specific signaling pathway.

Stress activates a special function of the Vitamin D receptor with the help of c-Jun, which can also prevent cell death.

Finasteride and dutasteride reduce unwanted movements from Parkinson's disease treatment by normalizing certain brain signals.

Researchers found a new gene, hacl-1, that is active in mouse hair follicles during hair growth and may be important for hair biology.

The study found that urine metabolites M1b or M4 are the best indicators of ATD use in horses, with detection possible up to 77 hours in urine and 28 hours in blood.

Cancer rates are increasing in developed countries, with estrogen, aging, low vitamin D3, and HPV infection as common causes.

Nanoparticulate systems improve drug delivery by controlling release, protecting drugs, changing absorption and distribution, and concentrating drugs in targeted areas.

Spironolactone works well for acne and hirsutism, isotretinoin is very effective for acne and may have antiandrogenic effects, and 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors should be considered antiandrogens.

6-Gingerol from ginger may slow down hair growth by affecting certain enzymes and growth factors.

Cooling the scalp may prevent hair loss from chemotherapy, hair often grows back after treatment, and nail issues usually improve after stopping the drug.

Melanocytes produce melanin; their defects cause vitiligo and hair graying, with treatments available for vitiligo.

Acne is linked to inflammation and insulin resistance, and is associated with various syndromes that require different treatments.

The document concludes that the skin's immune system is complex, involving interactions with hair follicles, nerves, and microbes, and can protect or cause disease, offering targets for new treatments.