Current Understanding and Treatment of Sex Hormone-Related Hair Diseases

The document discusses the role of sex hormones in hair growth and hair diseases, particularly androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Hair growth is influenced by hormones, with androgens promoting hair growth in some areas but causing hair loss on the scalp. This is due to varying sensitivity of hair follicles to androgens. AGA, which can develop after puberty and is more prevalent in Caucasians, is caused by the conversion of testosterone to DHT. Treatments for AGA include suppression of Type II 5α-reductase, minoxidil, finasteride, dutasteride, topical prostaglandins, hair transplantation, and photobiomodulation. Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL) affects around 55% of women in their 70s, with treatments including minoxidil, spironolactone, finasteride, dutasteride, flutamide, photobiomodulation, fractional lasers, microneedling, and hair transplantation. Hirsutism, affecting 5%–10% of women of reproductive age, is treated with hormone therapy and cosmetic measures. The document suggests that epigenetic regulation could be a promising area of research for understanding AGA and FPHL.