Exosomes in Dermatology: A Comprehensive Review of Current Applications, Clinical Evidence, and Future Directions

Exosomes are emerging as significant agents in dermatology, offering therapeutic, prognostic, and diagnostic benefits for various skin conditions. This review highlights their efficacy in treating skin aging, scarring, hair restoration, and melasma, and their potential in managing inflammatory conditions like atopic dermatitis. Exosomes also show promise as biomarkers for disorders such as psoriasis, vitiligo, and melanoma. Despite these advancements, challenges in standardizing isolation protocols, optimizing delivery systems, and establishing regulatory frameworks persist. Future directions include engineered exosomes with enhanced targeting, plant-derived formulations, and combination therapies. Overcoming technical and regulatory hurdles is crucial for integrating exosome-based therapies into mainstream dermatological practice.