Androgen-Mediated and Androgen-Independent Causes of Alopecia and Acne in Women: A Literature Review

The article reviewed the pathogenesis of alopecia and acne in women, focusing on the anatomy of hair and sebaceous glands and the biological factors affecting hair development and sebaceous gland function. It categorized alopecia into scarring and non-scarring types, with a focus on female pattern hair loss/androgenetic alopecia (FPHL/AGA) and its coexistence with telogen effluvium. FPHL/AGA was described as a multifactorial condition involving genetic components, androgen receptor gene expression, dihydrotestosterone synthesis, and local inflammation, with or without hyperandrogenism. The study emphasized the importance of coordinated treatment involving gynecologists, endocrinologists, dermatologists, and trichologists. For acne, the article highlighted the need for assessing androgen status and antimicrobial susceptibility, especially in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, to guide complex and stepwise therapy.