The Diagnosis of Androgenetic Alopecia in Children: Considerations of Pathophysiological Plausibility

    Alfredo De Rossi, Andrea D'Arino, Flavia Pigliacelli, Gemma Caro, Marta Muscianese, Maria Caterina Fortuna, Marta Carlesimo
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    TLDR AGA in children needs careful diagnosis due to low androgen levels and possible other causes.
    This article discusses the pathophysiology of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in children. AGA is caused by sensitivity of hair follicles to androgens, with the most significant association being Stu 1 polymorphism. Prepubertal children do not usually produce sufficient amounts of adrenal or gonadal androgens, so other abnormalities should be taken into account before diagnosing AGA. Hyperandrogenism is most commonly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but can also be seen with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting neoplasias and exogenous exposure to androgens. AGA in women requires special attention as its pathogenesis is less clearly linked to androgens.
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