Recent Advances in the Genetics of Alopecia Areata

April 2023 in “ Medizinische Genetik ”

F. Buket Basmanav, Regina C. Betz

alopecia areata autoimmune condition hair loss genetic susceptibility loci immune system genes genome-wide association gene expression studies therapeutic approaches AA genetic factors environmental factors

TLDR New research has found 14 genes linked to the risk of developing alopecia areata, improving understanding and treatment options.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition that leads to hair loss and has a lifetime risk of 2%. It often starts with small, hairless patches and can progress to total body hair loss. The disorder has a genetic component, with a 6-8% recurrence risk in first-degree relatives. It is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Recent research has identified 14 genetic susceptibility loci, with many related to immune system genes. The latest genome-wide association, sequencing, and gene expression studies have contributed to understanding AA's genetic basis and have informed new therapeutic approaches.

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research Ritlecitinib And Brepocitinib Demonstrate Significant Improvement In Scalp Alopecia Areata Biomarkers

36 citations , April 2022 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology”

Two drugs, ritlecitinib and brepocitinib, improved scalp hair loss condition markers.

research Whole Exome Sequencing in Alopecia Areata Identifies Rare Variants in KRT82

9 citations , February 2022 in “Nature communications”

Rare changes in the KRT82 gene are linked to a higher risk of Alopecia Areata.

research Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitor Baricitinib in the Treatment of Adults with Alopecia Areata: Phase 2 Results from a Randomized Controlled Study

66 citations , October 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Baricitinib is effective and safe for treating severe alopecia areata.

research Alopecia Areata Treatment Patterns, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Comorbidities in the US Population Using Insurance Claims

23 citations , July 2021 in “Advances in Therapy”

Most people with Alopecia Areata don't get treatment within a year; it's costly and often comes with other health issues.

research A Comprehensive Literature Review of JAK Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

40 citations , June 2021 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology”

JAK inhibitors show promise in effectively treating hair loss from alopecia areata.

research Hair Follicle Immune Privilege and Its Collapse in Alopecia Areata

134 citations , August 2020 in “Experimental dermatology”

Hair follicles are normally protected from the immune system, but when this protection fails, it can cause hair loss in alopecia areata.

research JAK Inhibition in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Promising New Dawn?

29 citations , December 2019 in “Expert review of clinical pharmacology”

JAK inhibitors are a promising new treatment for hair loss and nail problems in alopecia areata.

research IL-12/IL-23 Neutralization Is Ineffective for Alopecia Areata in Mice and Humans

20 citations , December 2019 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology”

Blocking IL-12/IL-23 does not help with hair loss in alopecia areata for mice or humans.

research Alopecia Areata Is Characterized by Dysregulation in Systemic Type 17 and Type 2 Cytokines, Which May Contribute to Disease-Associated Psychological Morbidity

57 citations , July 2019 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Alopecia areata involves immune system imbalances that may lead to depression and anxiety.

research Integrative Analysis of Rare Copy Number Variants and Gene Expression Data in Alopecia Areata Implicates an Etiological Role for Autophagy

20 citations , July 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology”

The research suggests that autophagy-related genes might play a role in causing alopecia areata.

research JAK Inhibitors for Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

130 citations , April 2019 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

JAK inhibitors are effective for treating alopecia areata, with most patients seeing hair growth after treatment.

research JAK Inhibitors and Alopecia Areata

56 citations , January 2019 in “Lancet”

JAK inhibitors help regrow hair in alopecia areata patients, improving their quality of life.

research A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Single-Center Pilot Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Apremilast in Subjects with Moderate-to-Severe Alopecia Areata

42 citations , November 2018 in “Archives of dermatological research”

Apremilast was not effective in treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata.

research An Open-Label Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tofacitinib in Moderate to Severe Patch-Type Alopecia Areata, Totalis, and Universalis

130 citations , July 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Tofacitinib may help treat severe hair loss, but more research is needed.

research Novel Therapies for Alopecia Areata: The Era of Rational Drug Development

9 citations , February 2018 in “The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology”

New targeted therapies for hair loss from alopecia areata show promise, with personalized treatment expected in the future.

research Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Revisited: The Key to Alopecia Areata Management

102 citations , January 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

Restoring hair bulb immune privilege is crucial for managing alopecia areata.

research Safety and Efficacy of the JAK Inhibitor Tofacitinib Citrate in Patients with Alopecia Areata

222 citations , September 2016 in “JCI insight”

Tofacitinib is safe and effective for severe alopecia areata, but hair loss may return 2 months after stopping treatment.

research Oral Ruxolitinib Induces Hair Regrowth in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Alopecia Areata

196 citations , September 2016 in “JCI insight”

Ruxolitinib effectively regrows hair in most patients with severe hair loss.

research ULBP3: A Marker for Alopecia Areata Incognita

15 citations , May 2016 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

ULBP3 could be a marker for diagnosing alopecia areata incognita and may be linked to its cause and development.

research Biomarkers of Alopecia Areata Disease Activity and Response to Corticosteroid Treatment

65 citations , April 2016 in “Experimental dermatology”

Corticosteroid treatment reduces inflammation and alters hair keratins in alopecia areata.

research Alopecia Areata Profiling Shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 Cytokine Activation Without Parallel TH17/TH22 Skewing

176 citations , November 2015 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology”

Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.

research Alopecia Areata Is Driven by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Is Reversed by JAK Inhibition

701 citations , August 2014 in “Nature medicine”

Alopecia areata can be reversed by JAK inhibitors, promoting hair regrowth.

research Unveiling the Roots of Monogenic Genodermatoses: Genotrichoses as a Paradigm

26 citations , March 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

New gene identification techniques have improved the understanding and classification of inherited hair disorders.

research Transcriptional Profiling in Alopecia Areata Defines Immune and Cell Cycle Control Related Genes Within Disease-Specific Signatures

61 citations , September 2010 in “Genomics”

The study found that immune responses disrupt hair growth cycles, causing hair loss in alopecia areata.

research Hair Follicle-Specific Keratins And Their Diseases

138 citations , June 2007 in “Experimental cell research”

Only a few hair-specific keratins are linked to inherited hair disorders.

research Familial Aggregation of Alopecia Areata

295 citations , April 2006 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Alopecia areata, a common autoimmune hair loss condition, often runs in families.

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research Recent Advances in the Genetics of Alopecia Areata

April 2023 in “Medizinische Genetik”

New research has found 14 genes linked to the risk of developing alopecia areata, improving understanding and treatment options.

research Diagnosis and Management of the Hair Loss Patient

7 citations , September 1987 in “PubMed”

Most hair loss cases are caused by four main conditions, and understanding them is key to treatment.