January 2012 in “Jounal of The Korean Society of cosmetology” Applying conditioner mid-treatment reduces hair damage during perms.
2 citations
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January 2014 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” This study verified that a new straightening process involving a flat iron, ammonium thioglycolate, and hydrogen peroxide may permanently straighten wavy hair by eliminating disulfide bond distortions.
11 citations
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April 2022 in “Biophysical Journal” In this study, certain cysteine residues in Romney sheep wool fibers were labeled more often during stretching tests, particularly under wet conditions, suggesting variability in their disulfide bond contributions to fiber mechanics depending on hydration.
10 citations
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June 2019 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Hair removal methods damage the skin barrier and affect substance penetration.
3 citations
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August 2008 in “PubMed” This study found that digital perm treatments using sodium thioglycolate lotion led to the most significant reduction in protein content and greater hair damage compared to other methods and lotions.
5 citations
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January 1990 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” This study found that permanent wave lotion I extracts proteins from human hair, with molecular weights ranging from 5,000 to 65,000, which may elucidate hair damage mechanisms.
17 citations
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July 2019 in “Scientific reports” This study investigated lipid loss in hair caused by surfactants and found that surface and internal modifications can significantly protect different lipids from depletion, with internal modification preventing 52.0 to 81.3% of lipids in certain groups.
January 1994 in “Journal of the society of cosmetic chemists”
February 2025 in “Journal of Forensic Sciences” The study found that sonication washing of hair roots with fewer than 50 visible nuclei could reduce the number of nuclei available for DNA extraction and STR typing, suggesting that for laboratories focused on nuDNA analysis, a gentler washing method might be adequate.
64 citations
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April 1972 in “American Journal of Clinical Nutrition” Hair chromium levels reflect nutritional status after standard washing.
14 citations
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January 1999 in “Dermatology” This study found that the wash test reliably measures hair shedding in children, with the number of shed hairs increasing with age and suggesting a potential early onset of androgenetic alopecia.
March 2026 in “Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials” In this study, researchers found that hair fibers exposed to bleaching and UV irradiation displayed significantly more damage, including increased adhesion and surface heterogeneity, compared to untreated hair, highlighting a synergistic degradation pathway affecting the hair cuticle's integrity.
2 citations
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December 2015 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This study found that the washing method can help differentiate chronic telogen effluvium from mild female pattern hair loss, potentially reducing the need for biopsies.
5 citations
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January 1992 This study found that dimethicone with high molecular weight improved hair surface characteristics, while dimethicone copolyol and amodimethicone enhanced manageability by reducing friction or aiding styling on damaged hair.
March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” A new method helps understand hair shine and various products improve hair care.
January 2026 in “Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces” This study found that treating damaged hair with maleic-modified amino silicone oil created a highly hydrophobic surface, reducing water content and improving hair's mechanical properties and thermal stability.
January 2011 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” This study found that a conditioner containing 18-MEA and SPDA can improve hair's smoothness and reduce flyaways, enhancing hair manageability.
February 2010 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” The shampoo and conditioner improved dry, damaged hair significantly after three uses.
13 citations
,
March 2006 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The study found that a polymer treatment changes the charge on hair surfaces, making bleached hair smoother and less porous.
1 citations
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January 2006 This study found that keratin fibers like human hair undergo thermal and mechanical transitions that can help assess changes from cosmetic processes such as bleaching and perm-waving.
30 citations
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January 2009 in “The scientific world journal/TheScientificWorldjournal” This article reviews methods for dissolving hair proteins and describes how solvents and molecules with hydrophobic groups interact with hair; it presents no new research findings.
This study found that, compared to oxidative treatments, reductive perm-waving more severely impacts the intermediate filaments in European human hair, while both treatments alter denaturation kinetics in a first-order manner.
November 2024 in “Biophysical Chemistry” This study analyzed the swelling behavior of human hair during permanent waving treatment, finding that both the microstructure and macrostructure of intermediate filaments swell simultaneously at the initial stage, and while partially destructed by reduction, they are considerably restored through oxidation.
1 citations
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March 2025 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” In this study, BECD-treated wavy hair showed reduced undulation and improved straightening after drying, as BECD enhanced the contraction and rearrangement of molecular chains in non-keratin proteins, unlike untreated hair, which retained its wavy structure.
September 2025 in “Journal of Surfactants and Detergents” In this study, shampoos containing sodium lauroyl methylaminopropionate showed superior coacervate formation and lubrication on wet hair, outperforming other amino acid surfactants and suggesting potential for creating low-irritation, high-performance hair products.
May 2026 in “Waste and Biomass Valorization” 12 citations
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March 2023 in “Processes” In this study, extracts from Chenopodium quinoa, Glycine max, and Malpighia emarginata demonstrated stability, low toxicity, and effective cleaning potential as surfactants in shampoo formulations, showing performance similar to or better than commercial shampoos in terms of surface and interfacial tension and sebum removal.
19 citations
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May 2010 in “Surface and interface analysis” This study found that a conditioner treatment using 18-MEA combined with a specific cationic surfactant effectively restored hydrophobicity and reduced friction on damaged hair surfaces.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that for straight hair, friction mainly influences fragment formation during combing, suggesting no direct connection to tensile fatigue failure, while with textured hair, combing performance may be more complex.
January 2023 in “Fashion and textiles” This study found that hair dyed with anionic basic hair dye lost more color after shampooing compared to cationic and nonionic dyes, with alkaline shampoo increasing this effect.