This study found that applying hair conditioner during a permanent wave process in the middle rather than early or late improves tensile strength, hydration, and maintains healthier hair cuticle structure.
4 citations
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January 2007 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study found that permanent wave treatment accelerates hair degradation after protease exposure, showing significant morphological differences compared to untreated hair and linked to damage from Alpha-helical region denaturation.
January 2012 in “한국미용학회지” In this study, applying hair conditioner during the middle of a permanent wave operation resulted in better tensile strength, hydration, and cuticle health compared to other application times.
May 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” In this study, permanent waving treatments, especially those using lotion B and repeated procedures, were found to significantly damage hair protein content and physical properties.
70 citations
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June 1998 in “Polymer” This study found that permanent waving treatment partially disrupts the α-helical structure in human hair microfibrils, primarily during the initial reduction phase, rather than just affecting disulphide bonds.