This study found that applying hair conditioner during a permanent wave process in the middle rather than early or late improves tensile strength, hydration, and maintains healthier hair cuticle structure.
January 2012 in “한국미용학회지” In this study, applying hair conditioner during the middle of a permanent wave operation resulted in better tensile strength, hydration, and cuticle health compared to other application times.
35 citations
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February 2006 in “Textile Research Journal” This study found that xylanase and pectinase enzymes clean wool and specialty hair fibers as effectively as soap, without causing physical damage, whereas resinase was not effective.
September 2010 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study describes a microfluorometric method to quantify lipid removal and reattachment on human hair during light exposure and chemical treatments, altering hair surface properties from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.
122 citations
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October 2010 in “Clinica Chimica Acta” In this study, washing rhesus monkey hair with water or shampoo significantly reduced cortisol levels, suggesting potential underestimation of chronic stress hormone deposition in hair due to washing.
This study found that camel hair treated with the photosensitizer Rose Bengal exhibited strong antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli when exposed to visible light, achieving over 99.90% bacterial inhibition and maintaining robust mechanical strength.
4 citations
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January 2007 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study found that permanent wave treatment accelerates hair degradation after protease exposure, showing significant morphological differences compared to untreated hair and linked to damage from Alpha-helical region denaturation.
1 citations
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November 2023 in “Cosmetics” This study found that washing hair with surfactants reduces the internal density of hair due to cuticle lifting, and suggests that a cuticle-sealing strategy can inhibit this effect and maintain hair homeostasis.
4 citations
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October 2018 in “Skin appendage disorders” This article reviews the pros and cons of co-washing for hair cleansing and presents no new clinical results; the authors describe potential residue buildup as a drawback.
4 citations
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January 2021 in “Skin appendage disorders” In this study, researchers found that washing hair 5–6 times per week results in higher satisfaction and better objective and subjective hair and scalp conditions among Asian populations, with no observed detrimental effects from frequent washing.
18 citations
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April 2010 in “Langmuir” This study found that human hair surfaces exhibit nonhomogeneous wettability, potentially influenced by daily rhythms and even monthly changes possibly linked to the menstrual cycle.
19 citations
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July 2018 in “ACS biomaterials science & engineering” This study showed that chemical and mechanical treatments significantly alter the nanoscale surface properties of hair, affecting its roughness, mechanical stiffness, adhesion, and surface potential.
This study observed that treating human hair with NaOH led to partially removed cuticles, resulting in better fiber cohesion and mechanical properties similar to wool, unlike bleach or formic acid treatments, which weakened the fibers.
25 citations
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May 2019 in “Cosmetics” This paper reviews the surface degradation of hair and describes how combining 18-MEA with specific surfactants can maintain hydrophobicity on bleached and weathered hair surfaces.
August 2018 in “Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research” This study found that covalently binding antimicrobial agents to hair shafts provided antibacterial activity against dandruff and odor-associated bacteria, which remained effective even after several washes.
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” This study observed defects in hair cuticle cross-linking in some, but not all, mouse mutants with sparse or structurally unsound hair.
3 citations
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January 1989 in “Journal of Japan Oil Chemists Society” This study examined the effects of six surfactants on hair and scalp, finding varying irritation levels and impacts on protein denaturation and scalp turnover time, with AMT suggested as a good detergent.
1 citations
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March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Twisting hair weakens it, but strength can be recovered at low twist levels.
11 citations
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January 2006 in “Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association” This study investigated multiple alkaline oxidative dehairing systems and found a consistent reaction mechanism for disulfide cleavage across systems, enhancing hair solubilization by enabling structural swelling and water uptake.
April 2024 in “JCT research” 1 citations
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January 1988 This study found that hair treatments applied after chlorination, especially bleaching and dyeing, more significantly altered surface properties and weight loss, while perming most strongly affected tensile properties.
December 2021 in “Cosmetics” 7 citations
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February 1985 in “Textile Research Journal” This study found that wool fiber surfaces damaged in processing tended to have cellular debris adhering to them, while undamaged surfaces did not show this interaction.
4 citations
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March 2020 in “Cutaneous and ocular toxicology” In this double-blind, randomized controlled study, researchers found that Wen by Chaz Dean Sweet Almond Mint Cleansing Conditioner was similarly tolerated compared to three other hair cleansing conditioners and was significantly better tolerated than salicylic acid shampoo or baby shampoo in terms of skin reactions.
4 citations
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August 2016 in “PubMed” This study analyzed how oxidative hair dye leaches from pigmented and nonpigmented hair during wash cycles, finding that melanin influences the dye deposition and leaching processes.
1 citations
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January 2010 This review discusses the use of trichoscopy for diagnosing mimickers of patterned hair loss and assessing donor sites before hair transplant surgery, and reports no new clinical results.
2 citations
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December 2019 in “Textile Research Journal” This study found that L-cystine-modified rabbit hair fibers had improved dye adsorption and spinnability, due to changes in secondary structure and surface characteristics.
2 citations
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January 2022 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study found that a refined wash test can effectively differentiate shedding hair characteristics among normal individuals, and patients with androgenetic alopecia or telogen effluvium, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring.
September 2024 in “Heliyon” In this study, researchers observed that even a single session of hair dyeing can damage hair fibers, with significant worsening of mechanical properties and protein composition after three or more consecutive treatments, emphasizing the need to consider the cumulative impacts of dyeing on hair health.
September 2019 in “Mağallaẗ al-ʿulūm al-ṭabīʿiyyaẗ wa-al-ḥayātiyyaẗ wa-al-taṭbīqiyyaẗ” This study found that camel hair from Afif has suitable physical and chemical properties for textile production and its characteristics can be enhanced with chemical additives like acetic acid.