January 2024 in “Cosmetics” In this study, Brazilian postmenopausal women reported that menopause significantly deteriorates the quality of their skin, nails, and hair, negatively affecting self-esteem and quality of life, with a need for better understanding of hormone replacement therapy's dermatological effects.
5 citations
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April 2018 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” This study found that the E2-ANGPT2 pathway is involved in hair follicle regulation and that ANGPT2 treatment increased hair density in modeled female pattern hair loss, suggesting potential therapeutic use.
9 citations
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April 2021 in “Climacteric” This study provides a guideline for the safe and effective use of testosterone in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, recommending systemic transdermal testosterone for appropriate candidates while highlighting the importance of informed consent and monitoring due to unestablished long-term safety.
10 citations
,
November 2006 in “Nordicom Review” This article reviews the portrayal of the body as a site of transformation in media and fashion, concluding that modified bodies highlight cultural denial of natural imperfection but reports no new research findings.
8 citations
,
April 2018 in “Facial Plastic Surgery” This article reviews techniques for achieving natural-appearing hair restoration results in women and reports no new research findings.
46 citations
,
August 2006 in “PubMed” In this study, researchers identified and examined males with 17 beta-HSD3 deficiency in a highly inbred Arab population, noting genetic findings and the progression of male characteristics despite being raised as females initially.
1 citations
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August 2023 in “Case Reports in Women s Health” This case study in a 62-year-old postmenopausal woman highlights Leydig cell hyperplasia as a likely cause of hyperandrogenism of ovarian origin, where bilateral oophorectomy resolved the condition and confirmed the diagnosis through histopathological examination.
6 citations
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July 2018 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This case study reports the first known instance of hepatic adrenocortical carcinoma in a virilized young woman, highlighting the importance of comprehensive evaluation to identify ectopic adrenal tumors.
46 citations
,
January 2008 in “Climacteric” Randomized trials reported that testosterone therapy improved sexual function in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, particularly those who had undergone oophorectomy, with reversible and well-tolerated side effects.
61 citations
,
January 2017 in “Human Reproduction Open” This review discusses hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency, strongly recommending it for symptom relief and bone protection, but notes a lack of evidence on optimal types and doses.
58 citations
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January 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study suggests that sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue functions may be linked to androgen levels, as women with PCOS demonstrated a more masculine adipokine expression pattern.
June 2024 in “Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This article examines when it is appropriate to prescribe estrogen for women with hormonal imbalances, utilizing decades of clinical practice, expert consultation, and a comprehensive literature review.
January 2025 in “Case Reports in Genetics” The researchers identified a pathogenic variant in the SRD5A2 gene among siblings with 46,XY disorder of sexual development, highlighting the importance of comprehensive genetic testing in diagnosis and management.
This article discusses the complexities of diagnosing hyperandrogenism in women and reviews potential treatments, such as antiandrogens and finasteride, but reports no new clinical findings.
4 citations
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December 1994 in “PubMed” This study found that treatment with cyproterone acetate and estradiol improved emotional well-being and acceptance of being viewed among women with hirsutism, with no significant differences between oral and transdermal estradiol groups.
May 2013 in “UTUPub (University of Turku)” This study suggests that adding androgens to menopausal hormone therapy may reduce breast cancer risk by counteracting estrogen-driven proliferation in postmenopausal breast tissue.
3 citations
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January 2021 in “touchREVIEWS in Endocrinology” This case report describes how a 68-year-old woman's hyperandrogenic symptoms improved and testosterone levels normalized after the surgical removal of an occult Leydig cell tumour.
400 citations
,
January 2014 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” This consensus statement discusses guidelines for screening, diagnosing, and treating the Female Athlete Triad, and introduces a risk stratification system to assist healthcare providers with sports participation decisions.
3 citations
,
June 1999 in “Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” This narrative review discusses recent advances in hair transplantation techniques for treating female pattern androgenetic alopecia and emphasizes the importance of careful patient selection and surgical planning; it reports no new clinical results.
November 2021 in “CRC Press eBooks” This article discusses female pattern androgenic alopecia, emphasizing its impact on women's lives and highlighting the need for further research into effective treatments, but reports no new clinical results.
January 1995 in “대한피부과학회지” This study found that women with androgenetic alopecia had significantly higher mean plasma levels of DHEA-S and total testosterone compared to normal females, despite most individuals in both groups being within normal hormonal ranges.
3 citations
,
October 1995 in “Southern Medical Journal” Finasteride may cause breast enlargement, low testosterone a risk factor.
45 citations
,
February 2001 in “Joint bone spine” This study found that Turner’s syndrome is associated with significant bone mass decrease due to estrogen deficiency, which can be improved with estrogen therapy, while bone issues in Klinefelter’s syndrome may benefit from early androgen therapy and possibly bisphosphonates.
August 2021 in “Pediatrics in review” This case study reports that a 16-year-old girl with hirsutism and menstrual irregularities was diagnosed with a benign steroid cell ovarian tumor, after high testosterone levels indicated a potential androgen-secreting source.
2 citations
,
July 2016 in “Pharmacopsychiatry” This case report describes a non-mosaic Turner-Syndrome individual with global cerebral atrophy, significant cognitive impairment, and severe treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
1 citations
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January 1996 in “Gynecological endocrinology” This article describes a case of severe hyperandrogenism in a 35-year-old woman where high-resolution imaging ruled out tumors, and treatment with cyproterone acetate normalized testosterone levels.
84 citations
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September 2014 in “European journal of endocrinology” This review examines the causes and characteristics of androgen excess in postmenopausal women, but reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize challenges in diagnosis and potential long-term health impacts.
December 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” This in vitro study found sex chromosome differences affect steroidogenic enzyme activity and androgen receptor expression in human skeletal muscle cells, showing varied responses to testosterone exposure between 46XY and 46XX cells.
May 2025 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” This case study describes a rare instance of virilization during pregnancy in a woman with PCOS, with symptoms resolving post-delivery as testosterone levels normalized.
This study found that tamoxifen citrate markedly inhibited castration-induced diffuse hair growth in castrated female mice, while cyproterone showed only slight inhibition in male mice.