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In this study, researchers used in silico mutagenesis to identify key calcium-binding sites influencing the stability of Rand protease from Bacillus subtilis, potentially enhancing its application in industries like leather dehairing by improving stability and eliminating the need for additional metal ions during the process.

In this study, researchers found that both thermolabile and thermostable forms of phenol sulfotransferase contribute to the sulfation of minoxidil, emphasizing the need to consider both enzymes in assessing sulfation in human tissues.

This study suggests that a hair follicle enzyme assay may predict response to minoxidil treatment for androgenetic alopecia with high sensitivity and specificity in a preliminary analysis.

This study reports a method for efficiently synthesizing chromeno-pyrimidine-N-oxides in good to excellent yields, confirmed by X-ray analysis, through a reaction between 4-chloro-3-formylcoumarin and aromatic carboximide oximes.

This review suggests that skin may largely protect itself from CYP-generated reactive metabolites due to higher conjugating enzyme activities, while highlighting limitations in modeling human skin metabolism experimentally.

This study found that at least four different human sulfotransferase activities contribute to the sulfation of minoxidil, complicating predictions of individual responses based on ST levels.

This review discusses the potential of fibrinolytic enzymes from various sources, especially fermented foods, for their therapeutic use in cardiovascular diseases and emphasizes the need for further research on those from non-Asian regions to optimize discovery and application.

This study found that certain non-dermatophytic moulds, specifically *Absidia* sp., *Cladosporium tenuissimum*, and *Aspergillus welwitschiae*, can cause skin symptoms such as discoloration and lesions in albino mice, suggesting potential virulence due to enzyme activity.

This study reports that taxifolin from enzymatic hydrolysis effectively regulates dermal papilla cell apoptosis and promotes hair growth by increasing IGF-1 and reducing TGF-β1, though it shows less inhibition of DHT compared to minoxidil.

This review discusses the properties and bioextraction methods of chitin and chitosans, emphasizing their potential use in eco-friendly cosmetic manufacturing and reports no new experimental findings.

This study found that Rubus coreanum extract promotes hair growth in mice, but its effects are not due to inhibition of specific enzymatic activities or growth factor expression.

This study isolated a thermophilic bacterial strain, Bacillus cereus, from soil that produces an extracellular protease; the enzyme effectively removed non-leather structures from animal pelts and was compatible with commercial detergents.

This review discusses recent molecular biology advances in the human phenol sulfotransferase gene family and reports no new results; the authors highlight its relevance for studies of endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism.

This study found that human liver dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (DHEA ST) catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of minoxidil, indicating another pathway contributing to its metabolism in humans.

This study reports a method for fabricating biofunctional polymer fibers by using DNA-programmable cell-free protein synthesis integrated through solution blow spinning, enabling in situ protein production and potential applications in respirators, sampling swabs, and other advanced materials.

This paper reviews extraction methods for obtaining polysaccharides from brown macroalgae like Sargassum, highlighting their antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumoral bioactivities in both in vivo and in vitro studies, while also discussing challenges in research and commercialization of Sargassum-based products.

This review discusses the pharmacology and potential therapeutic effects of rare ginsenoside compound K on metabolic disorders but presents no new clinical results, highlighting the need for further studies on its bioavailability and toxicity.

This review examines the evolving field of nanozymes, highlighting their unique properties and biocatalytic capabilities that challenge traditional concepts of biocatalysis, with implications for sustainable applications and potential roles in physiological processes and disease pathogenesis.

Minoxidil works in liver and outer hair root sheath for hair growth.

In this phase 1B clinical trial, sublingual minoxidil was tested for its effects on male and female pattern hair loss in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled setting, but the abstract does not provide specific results or conclusions.

In this review, researchers examined the physiological benefits of Cheonggukjang, a salt-free fermented soybean paste, highlighting its various health-promoting components that may contribute to improved heart health, diabetes management, and cancer prevention, among other benefits.

Human platelets change minoxidil to minoxidil sulfate, helping blood vessels widen.

In this study, the researchers successfully increased dipicolinic acid production in Bacillus subtilis by genetically modifying the spoVF operon, achieving a significant productivity improvement in the culture medium.

This report describes an outbreak of catheter-related infections by ESBL-producing E. coli in calves at an animal teaching hospital, highlighting the risk of these strains becoming nosocomial and increasing mortality and antibiotic use.

This review explores the potential, challenges, and recent advancements of dissolving microneedles in drug delivery, summarizing their varied applications and current limitations without providing new clinical results.

This study found that a significant portion of alopecia areata patients achieved at least partial hair regrowth with diphenylcyclopropenon therapy, which was more effective in certain subtypes and disease durations.

This study reports that GLP-1 receptors and proglucagon are expressed in the skin of newborn mice, with GLP-1 potentially playing a role in skin development and hair follicle formation.

This study reviews the evolution and modifications of microneedle drug delivery systems, initially designed for percutaneous use, now expanded for targeting a variety of tissues and organs such as ocular, oral mucosal, and gastrointestinal, suggesting widespread future applicability.

This study found that minoxidil is bioactivated through sulfation by the phenol-sulfating form of phenol sulfotransferase in human liver.

This review evaluates and classifies the non-saponin components of Korean Red Ginseng, emphasizing their combined role with saponins in the plant's bioactivity, but reports no new clinical results.