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In this case study, the progression of alopecia universalis in a Japanese man was linked to the involvement of Th1 and Th17 cells, suggesting an autoimmune mechanism.

This study identified somatostatin as a potential secretory factor contributing to the immune privilege of human hair follicles.

This study found significant differences in gene expression between newborn and adult skin, with infant skin notably increasing processes related to ECM organization, cell adhesion, and collagen fibril organization.

This study found that the retinoid receptor and PPAR pathway are involved in hair follicle miniaturization in androgenetic alopecia, alongside androgen receptors.

This study suggests that administering SH-MSCs gel might decrease IL-6 expression and increase TGF-β expression in alopecia-like rats, indicating potential for alopecia therapy.

This study found that high TSPEAR expression in colorectal cancer was associated with poor prognosis and correlated with various tumor and immune-related factors.

This study found that elevated TSPEAR expression in colorectal cancer was associated with poor overall prognosis and correlated with tumor infiltrating immune cells, suggesting its potential as a predictive biomarker.

This study assessed Ageratum conyzoides gel's efficacy in reducing hair loss and improving quality of life in adults with pattern baldness, finding that it decreased temporal recession and improved hair-related distress scores, with a significant reduction in 5α-reductase expression and PGD2 release in vitro.

In this study, nearly 5% of anti-TNF-treated patients with IBD developed psoriasiform skin lesions, with smoking identified as a main risk factor, and ustekinumab proved highly effective in severe cases.

This study observed a significant increase in cellular retinol-binding protein-1 expression in lesional skin of patients with alopecia areata compared to healthy controls, suggesting its potential role in the disease's pathogenesis.

In this study on mice, researchers observed that dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) plays a key role in regulating skin inflammation and tissue repair; however, reduced expression of certain cytokines in obese mice may hinder these processes, indicating potential metabolic disruptions in dWAT during inflammation.

In this study, estradiol was found to increase VEGF expression in cultured dermal papilla cells at physiological levels similar to pregnancy, suggesting that declining estrogen might contribute to female pattern hair loss in older Japanese women.

In this study, researchers found that mast cells in Erythema Toxicum lesions in newborns are actively involved in the immune response around hair follicles, but do not express the antimicrobial peptide LL-37.

In this study, a herbal extract mixture significantly reduced IL-1α gene expression in HaCaT cells, suggesting it may aid in the treatment of nonscarring alopecia.

This study identified a four-gene loop as a non-invasive biomarker that selectively activates in alopecia areata, providing a precise target for JAK inhibitor treatments.

This study examined variations in epidermal thickness and protein expression across different dog breeds, finding significant differences by anatomical site and breed, with associated mRNA and protein expression changes observed.

This study found that Mentha suaveolens aqueous extract activated Nrf-2 and increased detoxifying enzyme expression in keratinocytes, providing protection against oxidative stress without cytotoxicity.

In this study, topical administration of secretome hypoxia mesenchymal stem cells gel increased IL-10 and decreased TNF-α gene expression in a fluconazole-induced alopecia-like model in rats, with the 40 μL dose having the most significant effect.

This study found that a specific mutation in the mouse RXRalpha gene significantly impacts immune responses and causes hair loss and skin cysts.

Alopecia areata severity is linked to increased TH1 and TH2 activity.

This study suggests that frontal fibrosing alopecia is a highly inflammatory disease involving TH1 and JAK-STAT pathways, without reduced hair keratins, highlighting JAK-STAT signaling as a potential therapeutic target.

This study found that CD1a-restricted CD4+ T cells responsive to lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol were more frequent in the blood of atopic dermatitis patients, suggesting a potential role in the disease's Th2-mediated pathology.

Small molecule DMF improves psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, adult skin cells can be made to grow new hair, certain skin cells initiate hair growth, IL-17C controls gut health and can cause skin inflammation, and skin cells produce IL-17 that can lead to psoriasis.

In this study, Treg depletion impaired skin wound healing in mice, potentially by altering the cytokine environment and expanding certain T-cell populations, disrupting the normal healing process.

This review discusses the effects of valproic acid on immune cell activation and gene expression, potentially influencing infection outcomes and suggesting its promise for autoimmune and hypersensitivity condition management.

This review discusses the role of tumor suppressors in controlling tumor-associated inflammation and suggests that targeting this inflammation may counteract the effects of tumor suppressor loss.

This study found that dysregulation of systemic Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines is associated with alopecia areata, with specific cytokines linked to disease activity and treatment response.

This study found that overexpression of sPLA2-X in mice was associated with alopecia and hair follicle abnormalities, highlighting its potential role in hair follicle homeostasis.

This review discusses immune pathways involved in alopecia areata and explores emerging, more targeted therapeutic strategies, noting their potential for better safety and effectiveness compared to traditional immune suppressants.

This study found that non-ablative fractional erbium glass laser treatment affected gene regulation in human skin models by downregulating MMP and interleukin expression, suggesting potential roles in dermal remodeling and anti-inflammatory effects.