162 citations,
April 2016 in “The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.
124 citations,
July 2012 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Targeting androgen receptors could be a promising way to treat skin disorders with fewer side effects.
110 citations,
January 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testosterone treatment in trans men increases body and facial hair and may lead to hair loss over time, but severe skin issues are rare.
103 citations,
June 2006 in “British journal of sports medicine” The document concludes that better biomarkers are needed to detect long-term oral testosterone use in athletes.
93 citations,
June 2001 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Certain genetic variations in the AR and ERβ genes can affect androgen levels in women.
72 citations,
October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
63 citations,
November 1999 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Hair sensitivity to androgens is partly controlled by specific enzyme expressions in different hair areas.
49 citations,
August 1996 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The combination of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate is highly effective in preventing sperm production and could be a good reversible male contraceptive.
47 citations,
January 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” High testosterone to epitestosterone ratio in hair could predict male-pattern baldness.
44 citations,
January 2007 in “Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin” Black pepper leaf extract contains compounds that can block testosterone effects and promote hair growth.
39 citations,
January 2019 in “The World Journal of Men's Health” Testosterone replacement therapy can prevent men from fathering children and should not be used by those wanting to stay fertile.
38 citations,
January 2002 in “Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Lygodii Spora extract may help treat hair loss by blocking a hair loss-related enzyme and promoting hair growth.
37 citations,
February 2013 in “Maturitas” Testosterone therapy is beneficial for women's health and does not cause masculinization or liver damage, and it protects the heart and breasts.
37 citations,
January 2008 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Shorter CAG repeats in a specific gene may increase male hormone activity and symptoms like acne and excess hair in women with PCOS.
34 citations,
February 1993 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Certain 4-azasteroids are effective at blocking the enzyme that processes testosterone in human skin and could help treat acne, excessive hair growth, and male pattern baldness.
30 citations,
March 2011 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Flutamide improves female hair loss when other treatments fail, but may cause liver toxicity.
29 citations,
July 2013 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Testing for CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene is not currently recommended for managing hypogonadism.
27 citations,
February 2017 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy” White wax and policosanol from white wax effectively reduced hair loss and promoted hair growth in mice better than a known hair growth drug.
21 citations,
December 2012 in “Maturitas” Testosterone implants in women require pharmacological dosing to be effective and are generally safe and well-tolerated.
20 citations,
May 2011 in “Cancer Biology & Therapy” Finasteride may improve prostate cancer treatment outcomes.
20 citations,
August 2005 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” The protein ARA70/ELE1 is involved in male pattern baldness, and lower levels of its short form may lead to hair thinning.
18 citations,
March 2020 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
18 citations,
February 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” PGD2 increases androgen receptor activity in hair cells, which could be targeted to treat hair loss.
17 citations,
August 2007 in “Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters” A compound made by Pfizer can potentially stimulate hair growth and reduce oil production, making it a good candidate for topical use.
14 citations,
November 1982 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone conversion to 5α-DHT may not be essential for its effects on the skin.
13 citations,
April 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Androgen receptors found in monkey scalps, similar to humans, affect hair growth.
12 citations,
March 2017 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy can modestly improve sexual function in menopausal women but should be used cautiously and is not recommended for routine measurement in sexual dysfunction or hirsutism.
11 citations,
August 2020 in “Diabetes” Testosterone helps human pancreatic cells increase insulin release.
11 citations,
January 2015 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Hair loss gene linked to prostate issues.
11 citations,
May 2010 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” A new compound was created in 2010 that can control oil production when applied to the skin, and its effects are completely reversible after two weeks.