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Glossary Innervation

supply of nerves to a body part

Innervation refers to the supply of nerves to a specific body part, enabling it to receive and send signals to the brain and spinal cord. In the context of hair and skin, innervation is crucial for sensing touch, pain, and temperature, and it also plays a role in the regulation of hair growth and skin health.

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research 898 Homeostatic activation of epidermal HSD11b1 affects skin innervation and non-histaminergic itch

April 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study observed that mice lacking epidermal HSD11b1 had increased non-histaminergic itch and changes in skin nerve fibers, potentially linked to higher TSLP expression.

research Second International Symposium—Epigenetic Regulation of Skin Regeneration and Aging: From Chromatin Biology towards the Understanding of Epigenetic Basis of Skin Diseases

2 citations , June 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This review discusses recent advancements in skin epigenetics, focusing on how epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression during normal skin function and their dysregulation in conditions like skin disorders and cancer, but reports no new clinical results.

research Developmental timing of hair follicle and dorsal skin innervation in mice

86 citations , May 2002 in “Journal of comparative neurology”

This study observed that hair follicle innervation in C57BL/6 mice occurs in sequential stages that closely correlate with the development of hair follicles, indicating an interdependent relationship between neuronal and epithelial morphogenesis.

research Innovations in skin microphysiological systems for nonclinical testing and FDA modernization

January 2026 in “Microsystems & Nanoengineering”

This review discusses advancements in skin microphysiological systems, such as 3D bioprinting, skin organoids, and skin-on-a-chip, and their effectiveness in emulating human skin functions for research and preclinical applications, highlighting the potential for replacing animal testing with these innovative technologies.

research A volar skin excisional wound model for in situ evaluation of multiple-appendage regeneration and innervation

January 2023 in “Burns & Trauma”

This study introduced a volar skin excisional wound model that closely mirrors human wound healing and supports evaluation of skin regeneration with multiple appendages and innervation.

Innovations in Skin and Soft Tissue Aging: A Systematic Literature Review and Market Analysis of Therapeutics and Associated Outcomes

research Innovations in Skin and Soft Tissue Aging—A Systematic Literature Review and Market Analysis of Therapeutics and Associated Outcomes

17 citations , May 2023 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery”

This review found that among emerging technologies for skin anti-aging, stem cell therapies using recipient chimerism might be more beneficial than CRISPR-Cas9 and other current innovations, though further studies on safety and efficacy are needed.

research Innovations in Skin Regeneration: The Intersection of 3D Bioprinting and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

January 2026 in “International journal of high school research”

This review discusses how combining single-cell RNA sequencing and 3D bioprinting is advancing skin tissue engineering by enhancing cellular-level precision and addressing challenges like vascularization, ultimately improving regenerative outcomes and therapeutic strategies.

research Advances and Innovations of 3D Bioprinting Skin

48 citations , December 2022 in “Biomolecules”

This review discusses recent advancements in 3D bioprinting for skin regeneration and describes potential improvements for clinical applications, but it reports no new experimental results.

research Hair removal options in darker skin types through laser innovation and energy-based modalities

October 2025 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology”

This review highlights the benefits of long-pulsed Nd:YAG lasers for hair removal in individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI, offering deeper follicular targeting with reduced melanin interaction, and examines emerging technologies like radiofrequency and RF microneedling for safe treatment options in skin of color.

research 653 Substance P ameliorates epidermal thickness, basal cell density, and asymmetric stem cell self-renewal in skin with decreased sensory innervation

July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Substance P helps restore skin thickness and cell renewal when sensory nerves are reduced.

research International Conference on Skin Therapy and Cosmetics Cannes, France, Sept. 29-Oct. 4, 1985

September 1986 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This conference summary covers advancements in dermatology, including aging skin and acne therapies, but reports no new experimental results.

research Stress exposure modulates peptidergic innervation and degranulates mast cells in murine skin

115 citations , November 2004 in “Brain Behavior and Immunity”

This study found that stress increases the number of peptidergic nerve fibers and mast cell activity in mouse skin, suggesting a significant neuro-immune interaction under stress.

research The sensory innervation of primate facial skin. II. Vermilion border and mucosa of lip

110 citations , January 1983 in “Brain Research Reviews”

This study found that the vermilion border and mucosa of the monkey lip have a dense sensory innervation, which correlates with their known tactile sensitivity.

research Bioactive Glasses: Advancing Skin Tissue Repair through Multifunctional Mechanisms and Innovations

14 citations , January 2025 in “Biomaterials Research”

This review discusses the use of bioactive glass in skin tissue repair and highlights its potential to aid wound healing through effects on inflammatory cells and tissue regeneration, but reports no new experimental findings.

research Understanding the Impact of the Skin Microbiome on Dermatological Assessments and Therapeutic Innovation

November 2025 in “Dermato”

In this review, researchers synthesized contemporary findings about the human skin microbiome's influence on conditions like acne, aging, and hyperpigmentation, highlighting the potential of microbiome-informed strategies and treatments such as postbiotics and probiotics to improve dermatological outcomes.

research Full‐body skin examination in screening for cutaneous malignancy: A focus on concealed sites and the practices of international dermatologists

April 2024 in “JEADV Clinical Practice”

This study suggests that establishing international consensus guidelines for including concealed or sensitive sites in routine forensic examinations is crucial to clarify clinician responsibilities, guide patient expectations, and reduce potential medicolegal issues.

research IX International Conference "Interdisciplinary aspects of diseases of the skin and mucous membranes" 11-12th March 2023

January 2023 in “Przegla̧d dermatologiczny”

8th International Conference: Interdisciplinary Aspects of Diseases of the Skin and Mucous Membranes, March 11-12, 2022

research VIII International Conference "Interdisciplinary aspects of diseases of the skin and mucous membranes" 11-12th March 2022

January 2022 in “Dermatology Review”

This study found that patients with chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus had elevated serum levels of interleukin 31, suggesting a possible role of this cytokine in the condition.

research Hair-Cycle-Associated Remodeling of the Peptidergic Innervation of Murine Skin, and Hair Growth Modulation by Neuropeptides

112 citations , February 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that substance P and calcitonin-gene-related peptide have different roles in regulating hair growth in mice, with substance P promoting anagen progression and calcitonin-gene-related peptide inhibiting it.

research The role of dermocosmetics in the management of cancer-related skin toxicities: international expert consensus

15 citations , November 2023 in “Supportive Care in Cancer”

In this publication, a collaborative group reviewed the role of dermocosmetics in cancer care and formulated recommendations for using these products to manage skin toxicities and minimize treatment interruptions associated with cancer therapies.

Dermoscopy of Hair and Scalp Disorders (Trichoscopy) in Skin of Color—A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society Imaging in Skin of Color Task Force

research Dermoscopy of Hair and Scalp Disorders (Trichoscopy) in Skin of Color—A Systematic Review by the International Dermoscopy Society “Imaging in Skin of Color” Task Force

2 citations , October 2023 in “Dermatology practical & conceptual”

This systematic review evaluated 60 studies on trichoscopy in hair and scalp disorders, revealing gaps in accounting for variables like disease stage or hair texture, and underscoring a need for more comprehensive analyses to fully understand trichoscopic patterns.

research Trichoscopic characteristics as diagnostic indicators for grading of female pattern hair loss severity in skin of color: A multicentric retrospective study by the International Dermoscopy Society

July 2026 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery”

This study found that trichoscopic quantitative parameters reliably indicate the severity of female pattern hair loss and complement the Sinclair scale by offering a more objective and reproducible grading system.

research Somatosensory organization and behavior in naked mole‐rats: II. Peripheral structures, innervation, and selective lack of neuropeptides associated with thermoregulation and pain

101 citations , August 2003 in “Journal of comparative neurology”

In this study, naked mole-rats demonstrated unique skin and hair follicle innervation features compared to other species, suggesting adaptations to their subterranean environment and poikilothermy.

research 509 Using the human iPSCs-derived sensory neurons re-innervated skin ex vivo model to investigate mast cell-nerve fiber cross-talk in solar elastosis

November 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

In this study, UVB irradiation increased mast cell degranulation only when skin was innervated, suggesting that the interaction between mast cells and nerve fibres may exacerbate solar elastosis by promoting dysfunctional dermal elastic fiber accumulation, but further research is needed for confirmation.

research Tactile innervation densities across the whole body

4 citations , April 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

This study estimates that approximately 230,000 tactile afferent fibers innervate the human body's skin, with varying densities across different regions correlating with spatial acuity and hair follicle density.

research The human amniotic membrane: From structure to dermatologic innovation

July 2025 in “International Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy Sciences”

This review reports that the human amniotic membrane has promising regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, suggesting its potential for innovative clinical applications in dermatology, such as wound healing and psoriasis treatment, as well as aesthetic uses like skin rejuvenation and hair regeneration.

research Silk fibroin hydrogel with recombinant silk fibroin/NT3 protein enhances wound healing by promoting Type III collagen synthesis and hair follicle regeneration in skin injury

June 2025 in “Materials Today Bio”

In this study, a silk fibroin hydrogel containing recombinant NT3 was found to promote scar-less wound healing in a mouse skin injury model by enhancing type III collagen expression and inducing hair follicle formation.