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Turning white fat into brown-like fat could help fight obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Targeting colon cancer stem cells might lead to better treatment results.

Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Changing how mesenchymal stromal cells are grown can improve their healing abilities.

The document concludes that the understanding of scar formation is incomplete and current prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids are not fully effective.

Stem cell-derived conditioned medium shows promise for treating various medical conditions but requires standardized production and further validation.

The circadian clock affects skin stem cell behavior, impacting aging and cancer risk.

The secretome from mesenchymal stem cells is a promising treatment that may repair tissue and avoid side effects of stem cell transplantation.

Polymeric nanoparticles show promise for treating skin diseases.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Some patients taking finasteride or dutasteride may have ongoing sexual problems and depression even after stopping the medication.

Insulin resistance and obesity are key factors in the development and worsening of polycystic ovary syndrome, and lifestyle changes are important for managing it.

Biomaterials with MSC-derived substances could improve tissue repair and have advantages over direct cell therapy.

Mice lacking the PPARγ gene in their fat cells had almost no fat tissue, severe metabolic problems, and abnormal development of other fat-related tissues.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.

The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.

Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, can slow down hair growth by affecting skin cells and hair follicles.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

High androgen levels in young women with PCOS are linked to higher blood pressure.

The peptide GHK-Cu helps heal and remodel tissue, improves skin and hair health, and has potential for treating age-related inflammatory diseases.

Flutamide is more effective and has fewer side effects than spironolactone for treating hirsutism.

Omeprazole effectively treats severe acid reflux in children for short-term use, but long-term safety needs more research.

Caffeine in cosmetics may reduce cellulite, protect skin, and stimulate hair growth, but more research is needed on its use and effects.

Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.

Effective treatments for male pattern baldness include oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, while topical minoxidil is best for female pattern baldness.

Silver can help prevent and treat infections but its effectiveness varies and should be weighed against costs and side effects.

Skin aging is due to impaired stem cell mobilization or fewer responsive stem cells.