TLDR Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.
The 2003 document on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) describes it as a complex disorder affecting 6-10% of women of reproductive age, with symptoms like menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, acne, alopecia, and infertility. It is characterized by elevated levels of androgens and insulin resistance, which is a common feature in both obese and nonobese women with PCOS. The document suggests that disordered insulin action is central to PCOS and may lead to increased androgen production. Interventions that improve insulin sensitivity, such as weight loss and medications like metformin, have been shown to ameliorate symptoms of PCOS. However, the document notes limitations in the studies regarding metformin's efficacy and safety. It also discusses the unclear relationship between PCOS, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, acknowledging that while PCOS is linked to cardiovascular risk factors, there is no proven excess mortality from circulatory disease. The document concludes that while insulin resistance is significant in PCOS, other genetic factors may also play a role in the syndrome.
430 citations,
July 2002 in “Journal of Endocrinology” The hypothesis suggests that PCOS may start early in life due to genetic and environmental factors, influencing future reproductive and metabolic problems.
57 citations,
February 1983 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Dihydrotestosterone increases the activity of an enzyme in pubic skin cells that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
February 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences” PCOS often causes skin issues like excess hair, acne, and hair loss, needing early treatment.
1514 citations,
December 2011 in “Fertility and sterility” Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.
1 citations,
October 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” Antiandrogens can treat female hormonal conditions, but environmental ones may harm reproductive health.
35 citations,
January 2011 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Metformin should be used for PCOS mainly in those with glucose intolerance, and has limited benefits for infertility or hirsutism.
November 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” PCOS is a genetic disorder affecting women's reproductive health, with treatments focused on symptoms like insulin resistance and fertility.
30 citations,
October 2014 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” A team approach is crucial for managing PCOS, with dermatologists playing a key role.
