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Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.

Hormones during puberty increase certain receptors in the brain, and this change is influenced by estrogen levels.

Hormones, especially testosterone and DHT, are key for penis development and function, and testosterone therapy may help with erectile dysfunction in those with low levels.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

The document advises health care providers on how to support transgender and gender-diverse youth with appropriate care and referrals.

Early medical support for transgender youth is important for their health, with low regret for gender-affirming hormone use and a need for knowledgeable care providers.

Small hormonal imbalances can cause significant health problems, so more sensitive testing for hormone-disrupting chemicals is needed.

There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.

The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.

Testosterone therapy helps boys with hormone deficiencies develop normal male characteristics and grow properly.

Epilepsy and certain epilepsy drugs can lead to reproductive problems in women, but changing medication might improve these issues.

Eating a lot of soy might lower the chance of early hair loss in men likely to get it.

Genetic mutations can affect female sexual development, requiring personalized medical care.

PCOS is often caused by hormonal imbalances that can lead to various health issues and may indicate a risk for future metabolic and cardiovascular problems.

More research is needed to understand how testosterone is maintained in adult males.

Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.

Testosterone and its metabolites have varied effects on different body systems, especially during puberty.

Androgen treatment with dihydrotestosterone may help maintain height in patients with 5-α-reductase type 2 deficiency, especially before puberty.

Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.

Small changes in hormones can significantly impact health, showing the importance of sensitive testing for chemicals that disrupt hormones.

Treating early puberty with hormone therapy may increase the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults.

Gender differences affect allergy prevalence, severity, and response to environmental toxins, with women often more affected than men.

Testosterone is crucial for development, growth, and various body functions in mammals.

Hormones like testosterone and estrogen significantly affect hair growth and structure.

Some chemicals in cosmetics may harm pregnant individuals, fetuses, and newborns, and should be avoided unless necessary.

A boy with a rare form of early puberty caused by a new gene mutation responded well to treatment aimed at reducing testosterone and preserving adult height.

Minoxidil, a common hair loss treatment, might work by counteracting a hormone that reduces hair growth and promotes hair loss.

A new compound with strong antiandrogenic effects was found, potentially useful for treating conditions like acne and prostate cancer.

Hormone therapy can improve mental health and quality of life for people with gender dysphoria, but long-term effects need more research.