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Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.

Apple polyphenol, especially oligomeric procyanidins, can reduce fat absorption and lower blood fat levels.

Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.

The study found that sweat glands contain different types of stem cells that help with healing and maintaining healthy skin.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen do not penetrate deep into the skin.

Polymeric nanoparticles show promise for treating skin diseases.

Stem cells are crucial for skin repair and new treatments for chronic wounds.

Biomaterials with MSC-derived substances could improve tissue repair and have advantages over direct cell therapy.

Skin fat cells help with skin balance, hair growth, and healing wounds.

The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.

Hair follicles help absorb and store topical compounds, aiding targeted drug delivery.

Scientists have found a way to create hair follicles from skin cells of newborn mice, which can grow and cycle naturally when injected into adult mouse skin.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

High levels of male hormones, insulin resistance, and obesity are closely linked and worsen polycystic ovary syndrome, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

The new "differential stripping" method effectively measures how much substance gets into hair follicles.

Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.

Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.

Androgens, like testosterone, are crucial for early testicular descent in rats.

Hair follicles may soon be used more for targeted and systemic drug delivery.

Microneedles improve drug delivery in various body parts, are safe and painless, and show promise in cosmetology, vaccination, insulin delivery, and other medical applications.

Exosomes could potentially enhance tissue repair and regeneration with lower rejection risk and easier production than live cell therapies.

TGF-β signaling is crucial for stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and has implications for cancer treatment.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.

Allergic reactions to blood thinners are rare but can be serious, requiring careful testing and alternative treatments.

Substances from Chinese medicines show promise for immune support and disease prevention, but the way they are processed affects their effectiveness.

Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.

Hair follicles produce and respond to melatonin, affecting hair growth and sensitivity to estrogen.

Asia has made significant progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but wider clinical use requires more development.

The AUTS2 gene is linked to neurological disorders and may affect human brain development and cognition.