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Skin and nail problems like hair loss, dry skin, and fungal infections are common in people with long-term Type 2 Diabetes and can be prevented with good blood sugar control and foot care.

The document concludes that inflammation markers can be used in diabetes, vitamin D3 affects immune pathways, hyperthyroidism changes hormone levels, androgen levels help diagnose Adrenocortical Carcinoma, erectile dysfunction is linked to diabetes, hypogonadism is common in HIV-infected males, and hormones can be biomarkers for various conditions.

Early baldness in men may indicate risks for obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and heart disease, similar to women with PCOS. Alopecia areata is often linked with autoimmune diseases and mental health issues. Certain hair disorders are due to genetic issues, and chemotherapy can cause hair loss through specific biological pathways. Iron deficiency's link to hair loss is still disputed.

Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D2 Synthase (L-PGDS) is a protein that plays many roles in the body, including sleep regulation, pain management, food intake, and protection against harmful substances. It also affects fat metabolism, glucose intolerance, cell maturation, and is involved in various diseases like diabetes, cancer, and arthritis. It can influence sex organ development and embryonic cell differentiation, and its levels can be used as a diagnostic marker for certain conditions.

Phyla nodiflora contains compounds that may help treat diabetes, alopecia, cancer, and anti-diuresis.

Metformin lowers prolactin in women without PCOS but not in those with PCOS, where it reduces other hormones instead.

A 36-year-old woman with low potassium levels was found to have Cushing disease, and after treatment, her potassium levels normalized.

Adults should not consume more than 255 micrograms of selenium per day to avoid risk of hair loss and other side effects.

Tirzepatide might help manage PCOS in obese patients but needs more research to confirm safety and effectiveness.

Endocrine diseases in children often cause skin changes like dryness, redness, acne, hair loss, and more.

Hair loss can occur after treating diabetic ketoacidosis, especially with rapid weight loss and high soft drink intake.

GLP-1 receptor agonists, like Dulaglutide, Liraglutide, and Semaglutide, have potential benefits beyond the pancreas, including neuroprotection, pain suppression, cardiovascular protection, obesity management, and cancer treatment, but there are concerns about pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer risks.

Statins may help treat PCOS by lowering androgen levels and improving cholesterol.

Hormones affect prostate health and disease, with certain hormone imbalances linked to prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Special gels help heal diabetic foot sores and reduce the risk of amputation or death.

Probiotics show promise for health benefits but need more research to understand how they work.

Obesity leads to physical, metabolic, reproductive issues, higher healthcare costs, and mental health problems.

The document concludes that more multidisciplinary research is needed to understand and treat PCOS, a condition that significantly affects women's health and quality of life.

Microneedles are promising for long-acting drug delivery and can improve patient compliance, but more data is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

Women with PCOS and higher androgen levels are more likely to have fatty liver disease.

Aleglitazar and its major metabolite are safe enough to proceed to Phase 3 clinical trials.

Lepidium sativum seed extracts helped reduce inflammation and improve insulin response in obese rats on a high-fat diet.

Combining genetic and physical trait analysis improves diagnosis accuracy for monogenic diabetes.

Plant-based remedies may treat hair loss by reducing inflammation and improving insulin resistance.

Higher hair calcium to magnesium ratios and lower chromium levels in hair may indicate insulin resistance in Korean men.

Calreticulin has roles in healing, immune response, and disease beyond its known functions in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Spironolactone improved blood vessel function and cholesterol levels in non-obese women with PCOS.

Insulin resistance is common in PCOS patients and linked to obesity and increased cardiovascular risk.

Laser treatment improves hair density and increases growth factors in androgenetic alopecia.

The combination therapy improved PCOS symptoms in both obese and non-obese women, with weight loss in the obese group.