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Testosterone is linked to cardiovascular risk factors and stroke, but its exact role is unclear.

Finasteride, a hair loss drug, may cause long-term sexual side effects due to changes in hormone receptor levels.

Kidney stones and hair loss are significantly related in people under 60 years old.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

Dutasteride effectively treats enlarged prostate, reduces prostate cancer risk, and promotes hair regrowth with few side effects.

Nandrolone might increase muscle mass with fewer side effects than testosterone but could cause erectile dysfunction and needs more research.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Testosterone reduces heart damage and inflammation after injury.

Women with moderate body hair have higher levels of certain hormones and may benefit from treatment that increases sex hormone-binding protein.

Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.

Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.

Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.

No definitive link between finasteride and male breast cancer, but further research is needed.

The European Society of Endocrinology advises individualized long-term management for PCOS, focusing on lifestyle changes, accurate diagnosis, and treatments for associated health risks and symptoms.

The document concludes that diagnosing PCOS requires a thorough approach, considering various symptoms and risks, and calls for improved methods to identify PCOS types and prevent diabetes.

Acupuncture may improve reproductive and metabolic functions in PCOS without negative side effects, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Blocking 5α-reductase can harm memory and brain structure, and increase harmful brain changes in male mice used for Alzheimer's disease research.

Metformin has limited effectiveness for improving PCOS symptoms and lacks clear benefits, needing more research to confirm its efficacy.

Exposure to too much androgen before birth might cause polycystic ovary syndrome later in life.

The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

Most men with Frontal fibrosing alopecia also lose facial hair and the condition may be linked to hormone levels and sunscreen use.

Testosterone therapy helps boys with hormone deficiencies develop normal male characteristics and grow properly.

Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.

There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.

Non-hormonal treatments should be used first for sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on aromatase inhibitors, with hormones as a second option.

The document concludes that respectful, gender-affirming healthcare improves mental health and encourages continued medical care for transgender and non-binary individuals.

Sex hormones may influence COVID-19 severity, with males at higher risk, and certain hormone therapies could potentially treat the virus.

Long-term finasteride use doesn't change bone density or metabolism.