A Comprehensive Approach in Diagnosing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The document from 2015 provides a detailed review of the diagnostic criteria and considerations for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder in women. It discusses the use of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria and the Rotterdam consensus for diagnosis, which requires at least two of the following: oligo-/anovulation, clinical/biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The document emphasizes the role of androgen excess in diagnosis, as highlighted by the Androgen Excess and PCOS Society. It also addresses the association of PCOS with insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and low-grade inflammation, which can influence both phenotype and treatment. The document notes the increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in women with PCOS, particularly in the presence of obesity. A comprehensive diagnostic approach should include a thorough medical history, physical examination, and consideration of metabolic disorders, menstrual irregularities, and psychopathological issues. The document also discusses the importance of accurate laboratory analyses, such as LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens, and the need for future research to improve the identification of PCOS phenotypes and the prevention of diabetes in at-risk women.