Fetal Programming of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Androgen Excess: Evidence from Experimental, Clinical, and Genetic Association Studies

The 2006 document provides evidence that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may be programmed in the fetus due to exposure to excessive androgens. It references experimental studies with primates, clinical observations in humans with fetal androgen excess disorders, and genetic association studies that link PCOS traits to polymorphic gene variants related to androgen activity. The document also discusses the potential for compromised buffering of maternal androgens by placental mechanisms, fetal contributions to androgen excess, and the influence of genetic factors on androgen levels. It concludes that prenatal androgenization, shaped by both genetic and environmental factors, may predispose individuals to develop PCOS in adulthood.