17 citations
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September 2024 in “The Indian Journal of Medical Research” This source explores long COVID syndrome and identifies risk factors like older age, female gender, and comorbidities such as diabetes. It mentions potential diagnostic biomarkers, highlights ongoing clinical trials, and emphasizes the importance of vaccines and rehabilitation in managing long COVID.
2 citations
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March 2023 in “Shiraz E-Medical Journal” This study reported that 87.8% of formerly hospitalized COVID-19 patients experienced at least one symptom of long COVID, with hair loss and depression being the most common.
August 2025 in “Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi” In this study, women with PCOS commonly reported persistent long COVID symptoms like fatigue and hair loss; however, vaccination did not worsen PCOS symptoms, reinforcing the importance of completing COVID-19 vaccinations to potentially reduce long COVID risks in this group.
4 citations
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December 2023 in “Research Review” In this retrospective cohort study, researchers reported that 77% of 300 COVID-19 survivors experienced long COVID-19 symptoms such as fatigue and hair loss, with symptoms more likely in females, younger age groups, and hospitalized patients.
January 2024 in “Pediatria Polska” This study found that long-COVID symptoms in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome did not differ significantly across SARS-CoV-2 variants, with factors like age being more impactful.
6 citations
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August 2024 in “Viruses” This review reported that despite identifying over 200 symptoms associated with long COVID, significant gaps and controversies remain in understanding its diagnosis, pathophysiology, risk factors, and the impact of viral strains and vaccination.
5 citations
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October 2022 in “Cureus” This study found that patients over 45, those with obesity, and those experiencing 15 or more COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of developing severe long COVID-19.
39 citations
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March 2022 in “Infection” Many recovered COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia still experience symptoms like fatigue and anxiety, especially older adults and those with other health issues.
February 2024 in “Curēus” In a retrospective analysis conducted in Islamabad, this study reported no association between blood group and long COVID symptoms, but found that females and those experiencing perceived severe acute COVID-19 infection were more likely to develop long COVID.
January 2024 in “Authorea (Authorea)” This source suggests that convalescent plasma therapy may interfere with early immune responses in COVID-19 due to exosomes suppressing immune cell activity, but proposes it could potentially help with COVID-19 Long Hauler Syndromes by targeting diverse antigen responses beyond just the spike protein.
This study proposes that neutralizing antibodies and exosomes in convalescent plasma may interfere with early immune responses, potentially explaining limited success of this therapy in active COVID-19 infections.
35 citations
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January 2022 in “Clinical Infectious Diseases” This study found that healthcare workers with a positive COVID-19 test reported long COVID symptoms more frequently than negative controls, while prior physical activity was linked to reduced neurocognitive and fatigue symptoms.
353 citations
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February 2022 in “Nature Immunology” This review explores post-COVID-19 syndromes and the underlying mechanisms, including persistent inflammation, autoimmunity, and possible viral reservoirs, but reports no new clinical results.
151 citations
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May 2021 in “Frontiers in Medicine” This systematic review observed that a significant number of COVID-19 patients report long-term symptoms, including neurologic complaints and chronic fatigue, highlighting the presence of "post-COVID syndrome.
This case report chronicles a three-year journey of long COVID in a previously healthy 26-year-old, detailing treatment trials and near-total remission, but provides no new generalizable data.
35 citations
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May 2023 in “International Journal of Preventive Medicine” This review discusses the various aspects of long COVID, highlighting its multi-organ impact, including symptoms like fatigue and dyspnea, and suggests that vaccination may play a role in prevention and management. Risk factors and potential therapeutic strategies are also examined.
April 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study examines how conditions like PSSD, Long COVID, and ME/CFS form a "Post-Exposure Syndromes" family, initiated by transient exposures but persisting due to complex state-space dynamics, and suggests improving pharmacovigilance to better address and understand these persistent syndromes.
April 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This presentation argues that post-exposure syndromes like PSSD and Long COVID form a coherent group of conditions driven by complex interactions in high-dimensional state spaces rather than singular molecular pathways.
August 2025 in “IntechOpen eBooks” Long COVID affects many survivors with ongoing symptoms, needing more research and care.
February 2024 in “BMJ Open” This study at Luigi Sacco University Hospital identified three key macro symptoms of long COVID—neurological, sensorial, and physical—and found that their development is associated with comorbidities, medications during acute COVID-19, and demographic factors like age and gender.
2 citations
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June 2021 in “RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)” Clear definitions and strategies are needed to manage long-term COVID-19 symptoms effectively.
December 2021 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This case report describes a post-COVID syndrome patient who experienced symptoms like headache, joint pain, and swollen lymph nodes; treatment with Erbisol drugs reportedly alleviated symptoms and normalized immunological parameters.
1 citations
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October 2022 This article explores the overlap of Long Covid symptoms with various chronic fatigue syndromes and related conditions, discussing potential underlying mechanisms and proposing an integrated approach for managing these issues, but it reports no new clinical results.
December 2023 in “Tuberkuloz ve Toraks/Tüberküloz ve toraks” This study identified female sex and specific radiological findings as risk factors for chronic post-COVID syndrome, while long-term use of angiotensin-2 receptor blockers was linked to fewer chronic symptoms.
2 citations
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September 2022 in “Scholarly journal of otolaryngology” This article reviews symptoms of post viral fatigue syndrome and long COVID, detailing various persistent symptoms, but reports no new clinical results.
32 citations
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June 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This systematic review found that long COVID symptoms, particularly fatigue, sleep disorder, and dyspnoea, were similarly prevalent in ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 syndrome, but psychological issues and poor quality of life were more common in the latter.
4 citations
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November 2021 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study observed that telogen effluvium is the most frequent and specific dermatological manifestation in patients with long COVID syndrome following severe SARS-CoV2 infection.
November 2025 in “Journal of Disease and Public Health” This systematic review found that 5%–10% of COVID-19 cases develop long-term sequelae like neurocognitive impairment and cardiovascular damage, with higher risks in women and severe cases. Vaccination may reduce these risks, but further evidence is needed to confirm its efficacy.
139 citations
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December 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” This systematic review reports that fatigue was the most common symptom in both phases of long COVID, with lung function issues more frequent in the ongoing symptomatic phase and psychological burdens like anxiety and depression more prevalent in the post-COVID syndrome phase.
December 2023 in “Health Information Jurnal Penelitian” Among adults suffering from post-COVID syndrome, this study reported fatigue as the most common long-term effect, observed in 71.4% of cases, followed by shortness of breath, anxiety/depression, and memory and attention deficits.