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Improving artificial vascular grafts requires better materials and surface designs to reduce blood clotting and support blood vessel cell growth.

TRPA1 is crucial for mechanical sensitivity in skin sensory neurons.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

The conclusion is that proper signaling is crucial for hair growth and development, and errors can lead to cancer or hair loss.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Tiny pollution particles called PM2.5 can harm skin cells by causing stress, damage to cell parts, and cell death.

The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.

Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, can slow down hair growth by affecting skin cells and hair follicles.

Fibromodulin might help reduce scarring if increased in adult wounds like in fetal skin that heals without scars.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

A man with vitiligo and alopecia saw quick skin and hair improvement with ruxolitinib, but skin color gains were lost after stopping treatment.

TGF-β is crucial for controlling stem cell behavior and changes in its signaling can lead to diseases like cancer.

Caffeine in cosmetics may reduce cellulite, protect skin, and stimulate hair growth, but more research is needed on its use and effects.

Estrogen therapy can reduce skin aging but has cancer risks.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.

The WNT signaling pathway is important in many diseases and targeting it could offer new treatments.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and hair loss, but may cause side effects in some patients.

Modulating BMP activity changes the number, size, shape, and type of ectodermal organs.

Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).

Normal skin cell renewal doesn't need RAR signaling, but vitamin A-related skin thickening does.

Janus kinase inhibitors are promising treatments for autoimmune skin diseases like eczema and psoriasis.

Targeting androgen receptors could be a promising way to treat skin disorders with fewer side effects.

Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.

Wnt and Notch signaling help wound healing by promoting cell growth and regulating cell differentiation.

Applying a special compound can promote hair growth without harmful side effects.

Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.

Giving a special protein to dogs with a certain genetic disease improved their symptoms but didn't help with hair growth.

Fetal wound healing changes with development, affecting inflammation and collagen, which may influence scarring.

Formyl-peptide receptor agonists could be new anti-inflammatory drugs.