Particulate Matter 2.5 Damages Skin Cells by Inducing Oxidative Stress, Subcellular Organelle Dysfunction, and Apoptosis

The document from March 26, 2018, details a study that investigated the harmful effects of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on skin cells, including human HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin. The study found that exposure to PM2.5 caused oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation. This oxidative stress resulted in endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial swelling, autophagy, and apoptosis in the skin cells. The study also demonstrated that the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine could mitigate the damage caused by PM2.5, confirming that the cellular toxicity was due to oxidative stress. However, the specific number of participants or samples used in the study was not provided in the summary.