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GlossaryKeratinocyte Apoptosis

process where skin cells undergo programmed cell death

Keratinocyte apoptosis is the process by which keratinocytes, the primary cells in the outer layer of the skin, undergo programmed cell death. This is a natural and essential mechanism for maintaining skin health, as it helps remove damaged or unnecessary cells, allowing for the regeneration of new, healthy skin cells.

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Indications for a Brain-Hair Follicle Axis: Inhibition of Keratinocyte Proliferation and Up-Regulation of Keratinocyte Apoptosis in Telogen Hair Follicles by Stress and Substance P

research Indications for a Brain-Hair Follicle Axis: Inhibition of Keratinocyte Proliferation and Up-Regulation of Keratinocyte Apoptosis in Telogen Hair Follicles by Stress and Substance P

125 citations, September 2001 in “The FASEB Journal”

Stress can cause hair loss by negatively affecting hair follicles and this effect might be reversed with specific treatments.

research 5-Bromo-2′-Deoxyuridine Induced Effluvium via p53-Mediated CD326-Positive Keratinocyte Apoptosis in C57BL/6 Mice

August 2016 in “Journal of Dermatology”

A chemical called 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine caused rapid hair loss in mice by killing certain skin cells through a specific cell death pathway.

research A Role for p75 Neurotrophin Receptor in the Control of Apoptosis-Driven Hair Follicle Regression

96 citations, October 2000 in “The FASEB Journal”

The p75 neurotrophin receptor is important for hair follicle regression by controlling cell death.

research Reduction of Intrafollicular Apoptosis in Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia by Topical Calcitriol Analogs

53 citations, October 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Topical calcitriol-analogs can reduce hair loss caused by chemotherapy.

Proliferative, Lymphocytic, Infundibular Mural Folliculitis and Dermatitis with Prominent Follicular Apoptosis and Parakeratotic Casts in Four Labrador Retrievers: Preliminary Description and Response to Therapy

research Proliferative, Lymphocytic, Infundibular Mural Folliculitis and Dermatitis with Prominent Follicular Apoptosis and Parakeratotic Casts in Four Labrador Retrievers: Preliminary Description and Response to Therapy

10 citations, April 2013 in “Veterinary dermatology”

A new skin disease in four Labrador retrievers responded well to immunosuppressive treatment.

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Keratinocyte Progenitor Cell Expansion, Differentiation, and Hair Follicle Regression by miR-22

research Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Keratinocyte Progenitor Cell Expansion, Differentiation, and Hair Follicle Regression by miR-22

52 citations, May 2015 in “PLOS Genetics”

miR-22, a type of microRNA, controls hair growth and its overproduction can cause hair loss, while its absence can speed up hair growth.

research Autophagy Critically Controls Skin Inflammation and Apoptosis-Induced Stem Cell Activation

2 citations, August 2023 in “Autophagy”

Autophagy helps control skin inflammation and cancer responses and regulates hair growth by affecting stem cell activity.

Overexpression of Bcl-2 Protects from Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis but Promotes Hair Follicle Regression and Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia

research Overexpression of Bcl-2 Protects from Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis but Promotes Hair Follicle Regression and Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia

47 citations, April 2000 in “The American journal of pathology”

Bcl-2 overexpression protects against UVB damage but worsens hair loss from chemotherapy.

Thyroid Hormones Directly Alter Human Hair Follicle Functions: Anagen Prolongation and Stimulation of Both Hair Matrix Keratinocyte Proliferation and Hair Pigmentation

research Thyroid Hormones Directly Alter Human Hair Follicle Functions: Anagen Prolongation and Stimulation of Both Hair Matrix Keratinocyte Proliferation and Hair Pigmentation

115 citations, August 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

Thyroid hormones help hair grow, reduce hair loss, and increase hair pigment.

research Hair Growth Inhibition by Psychoemotional Stress: A Mouse Model for Neural Mechanisms in Hair Growth Control

127 citations, December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Stress can stop hair growth in mice, and treatments can reverse this effect.

The Role of Melatonin in Neuroectodermal-Mesodermal Interactions: The Hair Follicle Synthesizes Melatonin and Expresses Functional Melatonin Receptors

research The Role of Melatonin in Neuroectodermal-Mesodermal Interactions: The Hair Follicle Synthesizes Melatonin and Expresses Functional Melatonin Receptors

122 citations, July 2005 in “The FASEB journal”

Hair follicles produce and respond to melatonin, affecting hair growth and sensitivity to estrogen.

Targeted Skin Overexpression of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Mice Causes Epidermal Atrophy, Premature Skin Barrier Formation, Eye Abnormalities, and Alopecia

research Targeted Skin Overexpression of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Mice Causes Epidermal Atrophy, Premature Skin Barrier Formation, Eye Abnormalities, and Alopecia

67 citations, August 2007 in “American Journal of Pathology”

Overexpressing the mineralocorticoid receptor in mouse skin causes skin thinning, early skin barrier development, eye issues, and hair loss.

research Pathogenesis of Hand-Foot Syndrome Induced by PEG-Modified Liposomal Doxorubicin

63 citations, February 2013 in “Human cell”

PEGL-DOX causes Hand-Foot Syndrome due to skin reactions from prolonged circulation and ROS generation.

research Oxidative Damage Control in a Human Mini-Organ: Nrf2 Activation Protects Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Hair Growth Inhibition

58 citations, October 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Activating Nrf2 protects human hair follicles from oxidative stress and helps prevent hair growth inhibition.

research Mutations in SREBF1, Encoding Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Transcription Factor 1, Cause Autosomal-Dominant IFAP Syndrome

34 citations, July 2020 in “American journal of human genetics”

Changes in the SREBF1 gene cause a rare genetic skin and hair disorder.

research Histologic Study of the Regeneration Process of Human Hair Follicles Grafted onto SCID Mice after Bulb Amputation

19 citations, November 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

Human hair follicles can regenerate and recover after severe injury by going through a brief abnormal resting phase before growing again.

research Dermatoscopy Case of the Month: Trichodysplasia Spinulosa

2 citations, September 2021 in “JAAD case reports”

A man with a weakened immune system was diagnosed with a rare skin condition called trichodysplasia spinulosa using skin examination techniques.

Tyrosine Kinase 2 Inhibition Ameliorates the Phenotype of Lesional Alopecia Areata Scalp Skin Ex Vivo, and Reverses the Induction of Human Alopecia Areata in a Humanized Mouse Model

research Tyrosine Kinase 2 Inhibition Ameliorates the Phenotype of Lesional Alopecia Areata Scalp Skin Ex Vivo, and Reverses the Induction of Human Alopecia Areata in a Humanized Mouse Model

November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

TYK2 inhibition may help treat alopecia areata by promoting hair growth and reducing immune response.

research Tyrosine Kinase 2 Inhibition Rescues Hair Follicles From IL-12-Mediated Immune Privilege Collapse And Reverses Human Alopecia Areata In A Humanized Mouse Model

July 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Inhibiting TYK2 can restore hair growth in alopecia areata.

research BH03: Systemic Sclerosis and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Novel Combination of Scarring Alopecia

July 2021 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

A woman with systemic sclerosis developed a unique scarring hair loss combining features of systemic sclerosis and frontal fibrosing alopecia.

research Biological Effects of Electrical Epilation on Human Hair Follicles and Perifollicular Skin Ex Vivo

April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Electrical epilation damages hair follicles and surrounding skin, likely preventing hair regrowth.

research The Murine Hair Follicle Is a Melatonin Target

September 2004 in “Experimental dermatology”

Melatonin directly affects mouse hair follicles and may influence hair growth.

research Human Hair Follicle Organ Culture: Theory, Application, and Perspectives

130 citations, August 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Human hair follicle organ culture is a useful model for hair research with potential for studying hair biology and testing treatments.

research Dissecting the Impact of Chemotherapy on the Human Hair Follicle

99 citations, September 2007 in “The American journal of pathology”

Chemotherapy damages hair follicles, causing hair loss and other cellular changes.

research FOXO1, TGF-β Regulation and Wound Healing

87 citations, September 2014 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

FOXO1 is important for wound healing, but its dysfunction in diabetes can slow the healing process.

research MicroRNA in Skin Diseases

27 citations, July 2017 in “European Journal of Dermatology”

Certain microRNAs are linked to various skin diseases and could be used to diagnose and treat these conditions.