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Cat claws stay sharp by shedding their outer layer through microcracks formed during activities.

Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.

Sub3 is essential for fungus adherence but not for skin invasion.

Apoptosis is essential for human skin development and forming a functional epidermis.

The document concludes that understanding hair and feather regeneration can help develop new regenerative medicine strategies.

The conclusion is that teeth, hair, and claws have similar stem cell niches, which are important for growth and repair, and more research is needed on their regulation and potential markers.

Current methods can't fully recreate skin and its features, and more research is needed for clinical use.

Too much β-catenin activity can mess up the development of mammary glands and make them more like hair follicles.

The HoxC gene cluster and its enhancers are essential for developing hair and nails in mammals.

Early development of hair, teeth, and glands involves specific signaling pathways and cellular interactions.

Researchers created a lab model to study human hair growth, showing it can grow and self-regulate outside the body.

Involucrin helps strengthen the inner parts of human hair.

The skin systems of jawed vertebrates evolved diverse appendages like hair and scales from a common structure over 420 million years ago.

COX2 and ATP synthase control the size of hedgehog spines.

Hair and nails are skin parts that develop early and serve protective and functional roles.

Some skin tumors from hair follicles and glands can be linked to genetic syndromes and may be benign or malignant.

Wnt signaling is crucial for skin and hair development and its disruption can cause skin tumors.

Horse skin has a layered epidermis, a dermis with hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands, and is supplied by small arteries.

The skin is the largest organ, protecting the body, regulating temperature, and producing hormones.

Skin organoids are a promising new model for studying human skin development and testing treatments.

Genetic discoveries are key for understanding, diagnosing, and treating inherited hair and nail disorders.

The nucleus is key in controlling skin growth and repair by coordinating signals, gene regulators, and epigenetic changes.

Scientists discovered that certain stem cells from mice and humans can be used to grow new hair follicles and skin glands when treated with a special mixture.

Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.

Skin cells and certain hair follicle areas produce hemoglobin, which may help protect against oxidative stress like UV damage.

Keeping β-catenin levels high in mammary cells disrupts their development and branching.

Engineered skin substitutes can grow hair but have limitations like missing sebaceous glands and hair not breaking through the skin naturally.

The article concludes that developing in vitro models for human hair structures is important for research and reducing animal testing, but there are challenges like obtaining suitable samples and the models' limitations.

The document concludes that over 500 genes are linked to hair disorders and this knowledge is important for creating new treatments.

Benign skin tumors need accurate diagnosis to ensure proper treatment.