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Glossary JAK1/2 inhibitor

medication that blocks enzymes involved in immune signaling

A JAK1/2 inhibitor is a type of medication that blocks the activity of Janus kinase 1 and 2 (JAK1 and JAK2), which are enzymes involved in the signaling pathways that regulate immune responses and inflammation. By inhibiting these enzymes, JAK1/2 inhibitors can help treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and certain types of alopecia, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.

Related Terms

Janus Kinase 1

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research JAK inhibitors in dermatology: The promise of a new drug class

355 citations , January 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This review reports no new results and highlights existing research suggesting JAK inhibitors may be effective in treating inflammatory skin conditions like alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and vitiligo.

research Emerging Topical and Systemic JAK Inhibitors in Dermatology

277 citations , December 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

This review discusses the immunological basis and development of Janus kinase inhibitors for treating skin diseases and reports no new clinical findings.

research JAK-inhibitors. New players in the field of immune-mediated diseases, beyond rheumatoid arthritis

223 citations , September 2018 in “Rheumatology”

This review examines clinical data on the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors used for immune-mediated conditions beyond rheumatoid arthritis, highlighting their potential therapeutic roles in various inflammatory diseases.

research Under Development JAK Inhibitors for Dermatologic Diseases

14 citations , January 2020 in “Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology”

This review discusses the development of Janus kinase inhibitors for dermatologic diseases and reports no new results; the authors note the need for further research on their efficacy and safety.

research 544 Alopecia areata lesions show significant changes in immune and keratin biomarkers that correlate with clinical improvement with oral Janus kinase inhibitors PF-06651600 (JAK3) and PF-06700841 (TYK2/JAK1)

5 citations , April 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that oral JAK3 and TYK2/JAK1 inhibitors improved clinical outcomes in alopecia areata patients by reducing immune responses and enhancing hair keratin expression, with stronger effects in those with shorter disease duration.

research JAK-Inhibitors Beyond the Label: Emerging Applications in Dermatology

January 2026 in “Medicina”

This review found that oral JAK inhibitors, used off-label in various inflammatory skin disorders, often resulted in rapid and sustained clinical improvements with acceptable safety over several months, although the evidence is drawn from case-based reports.

research Which is the ideal JAK inhibitor for alopecia areata – Baricitinib, tofacitinib, ritlecitinib or ifidancitinib - Revisiting the immunomechanisms of the JAK pathway

January 2023 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal”

This review discusses the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in managing alopecia areata and emphasizes the need for further research to determine the ideal JAK inhibitor, as it reports no new clinical results.

research Reversal of Alopecia Areata Following Treatment With the JAK1/2 Inhibitor Baricitinib

184 citations , February 2015 in “EBioMedicine”

This study observed that baricitinib treatment led to significant improvement in a patient's alopecia areata symptoms and suggests further clinical trials to explore its potential as a treatment.

research JAK Inhibitors for Treatment of Alopecia Areata

63 citations , July 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

In this review, the researchers reported that JAK inhibitors, originally approved by the FDA for other uses, have shown effectiveness in reversing hair loss in patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata, based on current preclinical and clinical studies.

research A Comprehensive Literature Review of JAK Inhibitors in Treatment of Alopecia Areata

40 citations , June 2021 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology”

This review explores the efficacy and outcomes of using JAK inhibitors for treating alopecia areata, noting advancements in understanding the disease's pathomechanisms and suggesting that JAK inhibitors may offer targeted therapeutic benefits by blocking specific inflammatory pathways involved in this chronic condition.

research Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for the treatment of skin and hair disorders: a review of literature

40 citations , December 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

This study reviewed the role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in skin diseases and the potential of JAK inhibitors for treating conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Although the findings are promising, the authors concluded it is premature to establish their place in dermatological treatments.

research The Effect of JAK Inhibitor on the Survival, Anagen Re-Entry, and Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Restoration in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

16 citations , July 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This study found that ruxolitinib modulated inflammatory changes and stimulated growth factor signals by blocking the JAK-STAT pathway in an in vitro model of alopecia areata.

research Translational Positioning of Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors in Alopecia Areata

11 citations , April 2015 in “EBioMedicine”

This research highlights that JAK inhibitors, such as baricitinib, may effectively reverse symptoms of alopecia areata by targeting specific immune pathways, though safety and efficacy require further investigation.

research JAK 1-3 inhibitors and TYK-2 inhibitors in dermatology: Practical pearls for the primary care physician

6 citations , October 2024 in “Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care”

This systematic review details monitoring and safety guidelines for primary care physicians regarding Janus kinase and tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitors used in treating inflammatory skin conditions, emphasizing their efficacy and the importance of updated knowledge due to associated box warnings and increasing use.

research Alopecia Areata: Case report and review of pathophysiology and treatment with Jak inhibitors

6 citations , November 2022 in “Journal of autoimmunity”

This case report discusses a successful treatment of Alopecia Areata with tofacitinib and includes a literature review on the condition's pathophysiology and the mechanism of JAK inhibitors, though it notes the high failure rate of available treatments and absence of FDA-approved options.

research Adverse events in patients treated with Jak‐inhibitors for alopecia areata: A systematic review

2 citations , April 2023 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

This systematic review evaluated the safety of JAK-inhibitors for alopecia areata, finding that most adverse events were mild and systemic formulations were well-tolerated; however, increased rates of certain infections and laboratory abnormalities were noted, with isolated severe cases but no fatal outcomes.

research Short-term Efficacy of Tofacitinib, a JAK Inhibitor, in IFIH1-related Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome

March 2025 in “European Journal of Medical Genetics”

This case report suggests that tofacitinib may effectively manage symptoms of AGS7 in a patient with an IFIH1 mutation, though further studies are needed to confirm its long-term safety and efficacy.

research Tofacitinib: The selected selective JAK inhibitor in paediatric dermatology

January 2024 in “International Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy Sciences”

This literature review indicates that tofacitinib, both orally and topically, holds promise as a safe and effective treatment for various dermatological conditions in pediatric patients, though its use requires careful consideration of its benefits and risks.

research A Review on the Use and Effectiveness of JAK Inhibitor in the Management of Lichen Planopilaris

1 citations , May 2024 in “International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT)”

This review analyzed recent studies and concluded that JAK inhibitors are effective for treating lichen planopilaris, though concerns about long-term safety remain and further research is needed.

research 69 Risk-benefit appraisal of systemic JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata: a comprehensive meta-analysis assessing safety and adverse effects

November 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

JAK inhibitors are effective and generally safe for treating alopecia areata, but monitoring for side effects is important.

research 51840 Efficacy of the Oral JAK1/JAK2 Inhibitor Deuruxolitinib in Adult Patients with Moderate to Severe Alopecia Areata: Pooled Results from the Multinational Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled THRIVE-AA1 and THRIVE-AA2 Phase 3 Trials

2 citations , September 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Deuruxolitinib significantly helps regrow scalp hair in adults with moderate to severe alopecia areata.

research 41701 Efficacy of the Oral JAK1/JAK2 Inhibitor CTP-543 (Deuruxolitinib) in Adult Patients with Moderate to Severe Alopecia Areata: Results from the Multinational Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled THRIVE-AA1 Phase 3 Trial

2 citations , September 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

CTP-543 effectively promotes hair regrowth in adults with moderate to severe alopecia areata.

research JAK kinase pathway inhibitor drugs in patients with moderate-to-severe alopecia: a real-world experience

May 2024 in “e_Buah”

In this retrospective study, researchers found that baricitinib was effective for treating moderate to severe alopecia areata, with response rates in 24 patients comparable to existing real-world data, and no new safety concerns were identified.

research Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors Used in Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10 citations , January 2023 in “Acta dermato-venereologica”

In this study, deuruxolitinib and baricitinib showed promising efficacy in treating alopecia areata, but effectiveness varied with dosage and further trials are needed to confirm these results.

research Alopecia Universalis in an Adolescent Successfully Treated with Upadacitinib—A Case Report and Review of the Literature on the Use of JAK Inhibitors in Pediatric Alopecia Areata

9 citations , January 2023 in “Dermatology and therapy”

This case report describes a 14-year-old girl with alopecia universalis and mild atopic dermatitis who achieved complete hair regrowth and eczema resolution after three months of treatment with the JAK1 inhibitor upadacitinib.

research Safety of Janus Kinase inhibitors in Patients with Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review

3 citations , May 2023 in “Clinical drug investigation”

This study reviewed the safety of JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata, finding that common side effects included headache and acne, with varying risks for respiratory infections and no increased risk of serious adverse events.

research Janus kinase inhibitors for alopecia areata: A narrative review

2 citations , June 2023 in “Indian journal of dermatology, venereology, and leprology”

This narrative review reports that Janus kinase inhibitors show promise as an effective treatment for alopecia areata, especially in patients who do not respond to conventional therapies, although further research on long-term use and topical application is needed.

research Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

2 citations , January 2023 in “Prague Medical Report”

This review examined the role, efficacy, and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in treating alopecia areata, noting that baricitinib has received approval as the first on-label treatment due to positive outcomes in multiple trials.

research Progressive alopecia areata during TNF-α inhibition with intralesional corticosteroid failure and subsequent improvement following JAK1 inhibition

1 citations , May 2026 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment”

This case report suggests that starting selective Janus kinase 1 inhibition may improve alopecia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who was not responding to TNF-α inhibitor therapy and corticosteroids.

research JAK1 gain-of-function variant causes alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, and autoimmune thyroid disease

1 citations , October 2025 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology”

A JAK1 variant causes hair loss, skin issues, and thyroid disease, but treatment with a specific inhibitor can help.