Novel Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Dermatologic Conditions

Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are emerging as effective treatments for dermatological conditions like atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo by disrupting the JAK-STAT pathway. They can be administered orally or topically, with topical application reducing side effects. First-generation JAKi, such as ruxolitinib and baricitinib, have broader activity and higher side effect profiles, while second-generation inhibitors like upadacitinib and abrocitinib offer greater specificity and fewer side effects. Clinical trials have shown significant improvements in disease symptoms and patient quality of life, with several JAKi approved by the FDA and EMA. However, risks such as major adverse cardiovascular events and cancer, particularly in older patients, necessitate careful patient assessment. Further long-term studies are needed to optimize their safety and efficacy.