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Glossary Insulin Resistance

condition where cells don't respond well to insulin

Insulin Resistance (IR) is a condition where the body's cells become less responsive to the hormone insulin, which is crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. As a result, the pancreas produces more insulin to compensate, leading to higher insulin levels in the blood and potentially progressing to type 2 diabetes. This condition is often associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and genetic factors.

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Abdominal Fat Quantity and Distribution in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Relation to Insulin Resistance

research Abdominal Fat Quantity and Distribution in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Extent of Its Relation to Insulin Resistance

270 citations , April 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism”

This study found that PCOS patients had higher amounts of central abdominal fat compared to weight-matched controls, which was associated with increased insulin resistance.

research Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity: Navigating the Pathophysiologic Labyrinth

222 citations , January 2014 in “International journal of reproductive medicine”

This paper reviews the complex pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome, exploring how hormonal and metabolic disturbances contribute to its symptoms and related health risks, but it presents no new findings.

research Polycystic ovarian syndrome: Correlation between hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and obesity

195 citations , November 2019 in “Clinica Chimica Acta”

This review discusses the interplay of hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, and their role in polycystic ovary syndrome, but presents no new clinical results.

research The influence of androgens on insulin resistance

135 citations , March 1984 in “Fertility and sterility”

In this study, insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome was highly correlated with unbound testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin, rather than luteinizing hormone or peripheral androgen metabolism.

research Early androgenetic alopecia as a marker of insulin resistance

115 citations , September 2000 in “The Lancet”

Early hair loss may indicate risk of insulin resistance.

research Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance modulate gravid uterine and placental ferroptosis in PCOS-like rats

104 citations , June 2020 in “Journal of Endocrinology”

This study suggests that in rats, maternal hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance lead to activation of ferroptosis in the gravid uterus and placenta, mediated by different molecular and cellular mechanisms.

research Prevalence of Type II diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in parents of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

100 citations , June 2002 in “Diabetologia”

This study found that parents of women with PCOS have a higher prevalence of insulin resistance and Type II diabetes than parents of healthy women.

research 5α-Reductase Type 1 Deficiency or Inhibition Predisposes to Insulin Resistance, Hepatic Steatosis, and Liver Fibrosis in Rodents

93 citations , September 2014 in “Diabetes”

This study found that male 5αR1 knockout mice and obese Zucker rats treated with finasteride showed increased insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, potentially implicating 5α-reductase activity in metabolic liver disease development.

research Metformin improves polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms irrespective of pre-treatment insulin resistance

91 citations , November 2007 in “European journal of endocrinology”

This study found that metformin improved insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, anovulation, and acne in PCOS patients, regardless of their level of obesity or initial insulin resistance.

research Insulin Resistance and Skin Diseases

71 citations , January 2015 in “The Scientific World Journal”

This review discusses the link between insulin resistance and skin conditions such as acanthosis nigricans and psoriasis, but provides no new clinical results.

research Polycystic ovary syndrome: insight into pathogenesis and a common association with insulin resistance

62 citations , December 2015 in “Clinical Medicine”

This review discusses the relationship between obesity and PCOS, highlighting the potential of weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity to alleviate associated symptoms, and suggests the exploration of new therapies targeting weight management.

research Polycystic ovary syndrome: insight into pathogenesis and a common association with insulin resistance

61 citations , June 2016 in “Clinical Medicine”

This review discusses the relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and polycystic ovary syndrome and highlights the potential benefits of weight loss for managing PCOS symptoms, but reports no new clinical results.

research Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin-resistant hyperinsulinemia

60 citations , September 2001 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

This review discusses the relationship between insulin regulation and hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome, suggesting potential benefits of insulin-lowering treatments for ovarian function but reporting no definitive results for hair-related symptoms.

Association of Insulin Resistance Linked Diseases and Hair Loss in Elderly Men: Finnish Population-Based Study

research Associaton of Insulin Resistance Linked Diseases and Hair Loss in Elderly Men. Finnish Population-based Study

55 citations , June 2006 in “Central European Journal of Public Health”

This study observed that Finnish men aged 63 with androgenetic alopecia had higher rates of hypertension and diabetes compared to those with normal hair status.

research Genetic Defects in Human Pericentrin Are Associated With Severe Insulin Resistance and Diabetes

53 citations , January 2011 in “Diabetes”

The study found that severe insulin resistance and premature diabetes are common in patients with PCNT genetic defects, primarily affecting those over four years old, while not impacting early insulin signaling in adipocytes.

research Androgenetic alopecia and insulin resistance in young men

50 citations , December 2008 in “Clinical Endocrinology”

This study found that young males with stage III or higher androgenetic alopecia had higher insulin resistance and cardiovascular-related features, suggesting the need for metabolic assessment in this population.

research Hair Loss, Insulin Resistance, and Heredity in Middle-aged Women. a Population-based Study

49 citations , June 2003 in “European journal of cardiovascular prevention & rehabilitation”

In this study, female androgenic alopecia (grade II or III on Ludwig's scale) was found to be common among Finnish women aged 63, and several markers of insulin resistance, along with paternal history of alopecia, were associated with an increased risk.

research Coronavirus and Obesity: Could Insulin Resistance Mediate the Severity of Covid-19 Infection?

49 citations , May 2020 in “Frontiers in Public Health”

Insulin resistance linked to obesity may increase COVID-19 severity.

research Putative role for insulin resistance in depression risk in polycystic ovary syndrome

46 citations , June 2015 in “Fertility and Sterility”

This study found that, among women with polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression, even after accounting for factors like BMI.

research Autotaxin-LPA signaling contributes to obesity-induced insulin resistance in muscle and impairs mitochondrial metabolism

45 citations , August 2018 in “Journal of Lipid Research”

This study observed that partial autotaxin deficiency in mice protects against diet-induced obesity and systemic insulin resistance, suggesting the ATX-LPA pathway negatively affects skeletal muscle insulin signaling and mitochondrial function during obesity.

The Evaluation of Endothelial Function with Flow-Mediated Dilatation and Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Young Nonobese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients; Existence of Insulin Resistance Alone May Not Represent an Adequate Condition for Deterioration of Endothelial Function

research The evaluation of endothelial function with flow-mediated dilatation and carotid intima media thickness in young nonobese polycystic ovary syndrom patients; existence of insulin resistance alone may not represent an adequate condition for deterioration of endothelial function

44 citations , May 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility”

In this study, young, nonobese PCOS patients showed significant insulin resistance, but no significant difference in endothelial function compared to healthy controls, suggesting other factors may influence endothelial health.

research Acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance and cutaneous virilism

43 citations , May 1988 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This study reported that patients with acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance exhibited higher insulin levels and were associated with increased insulin resistance correlating with serum testosterone levels.

research Insulin resistance and obesity among infertile women with different polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes

42 citations , July 2017 in “Scientific Reports”

This study found that insulin resistance was significantly associated with PCOS among infertile women with central obesity, highlighting differences in insulin and phenotype severity.

research The investigation of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in male patients with early-onset androgenetic alopecia

42 citations , January 2011 in “European Journal of Dermatology”

In this study, higher scores of HOMA-IR and FIRI suggested that male patients with early-onset androgenetic alopecia may have insulin resistance, although no significant differences in metabolic syndrome were found compared to controls.

research Role of insulin resistance and diet in acne

39 citations , January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology”

This article discusses the role of growth hormone, insulin, and IGF-1 in acne development and highlights how diet and syndromic evidence support their involvement, but presents no new clinical findings.

research Mechanisms Involved in the Relationship between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance: Impact on Clinical Practice

37 citations , October 2021 in “Nutrients”

This study discusses the potential association between low vitamin D levels and insulin resistance, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to disorders like obesity and diabetes, but emphasizes the need for further research to confirm these links.

Insulin Resistance and Elevated Androgen Levels: A Major Cause of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

research Resistance to the Insulin and Elevated Level of Androgen: A Major Cause of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

36 citations , October 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

This study highlights the importance of understanding the roles of hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance in the development and progression of PCOS, emphasizing further research to clarify their mutual influence.

research Androgenetic alopecia and insulin resistance: are they truly associated?

35 citations , March 2011 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

This study concluded that patients with metabolic syndrome, regardless of androgenetic alopecia presence, were more insulin resistant than those with only androgenetic alopecia or healthy controls, indicating no true association between alopecia and insulin resistance.

Higher PDCD4 Expression Is Associated With Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Metabolism Disorders, And Granulosa Cell Apoptosis In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

research Higher PDCD4 expression is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, and granulosa cell apoptosis in polycystic ovary syndrome

34 citations , February 2016 in “Fertility and Sterility”

This study suggests that higher PDCD4 expression may play a significant role in polycystic ovary syndrome pathogenesis through its association with obesity, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, and increased granulosa cell apoptosis.

research Androgenetic alopecia, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance: Is there any association? A case-control study

34 citations , January 2014 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal”

This study supports evaluating metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in young males with advanced androgenic alopecia to potentially reduce future cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risks.