Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Insulin-Resistant Hyperinsulinemia

September 2001 in “ Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology ”

Robert L. Rosenfield

polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS hyperandrogenemia hyperandrogenism steroidogenesis hyperinsulinemia insulin resistance androgens pattern baldness pilosebaceous units antidiabetic medications insulin-lowering medications

Studysummary This review discusses the relationship between insulin regulation and hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome, suggesting potential benefits of insulin-lowering treatments for ovarian function but reporting no definitive results for hair-related symptoms.

Our plain-language summary. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer

The document from 2001 discusses polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is largely synonymous with chronic unexplained hyperandrogenemia, a condition responsible for about 95% of hyperandrogenism in women. PCOS is characterized by a variety of classic and nonclassic forms, potentially with different genetic causes. The condition's hyperandrogenism is thought to stem from a dysregulation of steroidogenesis due to an imbalance of factors that modulate trophic hormone action. Hyperinsulinemia, caused by insulin resistance, is a significant contributing factor in many PCOS cases, leading to hyperandrogenemia in those with a genetic predisposition by revealing latent steroidogenesis regulation issues. Interestingly, a gene associated with PCOS may manifest as pattern baldness in males. Insulin, along with androgens, also influences the development of pilosebaceous units. The use of antidiabetic insulin-lowering medications may improve ovarian function and androgen levels in PCOS patients, but it is unclear if these treatments will affect pilosebaceous unit symptoms.

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