11 citations
,
August 2014 in “PubMed” This study found that women with acne had higher rates of hyperandrogenism and obesity, and higher androgen levels and BMI were linked to increased acne severity.
1 citations
,
March 2012 in “Journal of pediatric & adolescent gynecology” This case report suggests that PCOS can present with virilization and rapidly increasing testosterone levels, and highlights oral contraceptives' effectiveness in managing hyperandrogenism in such cases.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This case study highlights the complexity of managing PCOS and its symptoms in transmen, suggesting hormonal fluctuations may lead to symptomatic relief with low dose estradiol.
8 citations
,
January 2003 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study describes three female cases of androgen-dependent diseases in myotonic dystrophy, suggesting that peripheral androgen response, rather than serum levels, may drive such conditions.
105 citations
,
January 2009 in “Medicine” This study found that ethinylestradiol and high-dose cyproterone acetate significantly reduced hirsutism scores and were effective for treating acne and alopecia in women with hyperandrogenism.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This study found that androgen-regulated genes in hidradenitis suppurativa skin lesions are strongly linked to innate immunity pathways, indicating a potential connection between androgen signaling and inflammation in this condition.
June 2025 in “V F Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology” In this case study, a six-year-old girl was diagnosed with isolated adrenarche, linked to premature adrenal maturation, with increased dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and axillary and pubic hair growth, and will require long-term monitoring due to increased risks of conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.
31 citations
,
January 2018 in “Pediatric annals” This article reviews the characteristics, diagnosis, and management of premature adrenarche and suggests it may predict future ovarian hyperandrogenism in some adolescents; no new clinical results are reported.
January 2022 in “Dubai diabetes and endocrinology journal/Dubai diabetes & endocrinology journal” This case report describes a 16-year-old girl with HAIR-AN syndrome requiring a multidisciplinary approach, including lifestyle changes and hormonal treatments, to manage symptoms and prevent systemic effects.
35 citations
,
May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” This study concludes that high skin 5α-reductase activity may contribute to hirsutism, but the specific regulatory mechanisms and genetic factors remain unclear.
7 citations
,
April 2011 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” This case report highlights the importance of considering exogenous androgen exposure, such as transdermal testosterone cream used by a partner, in the diagnosis of virilization among women.
September 1978 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry”
April 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that dermatology consultations in a tertiary care center led to treatment changes in most cases, especially for complex conditions potentially linked to systemic disease.
3 citations
,
October 2024 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This study found that signs of potential adverse events varied based on demographic and health factors in a large cohort, suggesting the need for more inclusive evaluations to better understand these differences at a population level.
September 1976 in “PubMed” This article discusses the causes and treatments for hirsutism, concluding that reverse-sequence therapy with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol is effective for severe cases but has cost and side effects.
4 citations
,
April 2020 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that men with early androgenetic alopecia have a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia compared to those without the condition.
November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” This article reviews the clinical and biochemical features of genetic mutations affecting dihydrotestosterone production and their potential role in male pseudo-hermaphroditism, but presents no new clinical results.
5 citations
,
June 2015 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” This article reviews hirsutism from an endocrine perspective and reports no new clinical findings.
11 citations
,
November 2022 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” In this study, gender-affirming hormonal treatment was associated with increased hair growth, acne, and alopecia prevalence in transgender individuals assigned female at birth, while opposite dermatological changes were observed in those assigned male at birth.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that transgender patients on masculinizing hormone therapy had a higher likelihood of developing acne compared to cisgender women, and were more likely to experience AGA compared to cisgender women.
November 2025 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study reported that young men with early-onset androgenetic alopecia have a higher prevalence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome compared to controls, suggesting that AGA may indicate underlying metabolic disturbances.
8 citations
,
May 1991 in “PubMed” This case study from Boston University details a 35-year-old woman diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, treated with dexamethasone, leading to normalized androgen levels and successful conception.
3 citations
,
August 1986 in “BMJ. British medical journal” Women with excessive hair growth often have hormonal issues and need medical advice and treatment.
3 citations
,
March 2022 in “Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” This review discusses the potential role of androgen-related disorders in keloid pathogenesis and highlights the need for systemic treatments targeting sex hormones, but reports no new clinical results.
3 citations
,
March 1992 in “Journal of clinical pathology” This review discusses the clinical evaluation and investigation needed for hirsute women, suggesting that most cases require minimal testing unless virilism or severe symptoms are present; no new clinical results are provided.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This case study reports a rare instance of an estradiol-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma in a 58-year-old male, causing feminization and Marie-Antoinette syndrome, with potential paraneoplastic aortitis.
6 citations
,
March 2021 in “Frontiers in surgery” This case report describes a 64-year-old woman with hirsutism who was found to have a borderline adrenocortical oncocytoma, successfully treated with adrenalectomy.
May 2025 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” This case study highlights a testosterone- and cortisol-secreting adrenal oncocytic neoplasm in an 18-year-old woman, illustrating the role of surgical excision in resolving hyperandrogenism and restoring menstruation.
May 2026 in “Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Cases” This case report describes a postmenopausal woman with androgenic alopecia and progressive hirsutism who, despite normal imaging, had significantly elevated testosterone due to a Leydig cell tumor, revealed after surgical exploration; the condition improved post-surgery, underscoring the importance of considering such tumors in similar presentations.
5 citations
,
October 2013 in “Endocrine” This case report describes three instances where occult ovarian Leydig cell tumors were suspected based on severe hyperandrogenism symptoms, despite negative imaging findings, highlighting that elevated testosterone levels are a crucial diagnostic marker.