353 citations,
July 2015 in “Molecular immunology” Porcine skin is very similar to human skin, making it a useful model for research.
305 citations,
February 2007 in “Hormone and metabolic research” Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.
264 citations,
January 2008 in “Journal of biomedical optics” Zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen do not penetrate deep into the skin.
249 citations,
April 2002 in “The FASEB journal” Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin.
146 citations,
January 2004 in “Hormones” Human skin acts like a hormone-producing organ, making and managing various hormones important for skin and hair health.
143 citations,
September 2008 in “Experimental gerontology” Skin aging is due to impaired stem cell mobilization or fewer responsive stem cells.
124 citations,
January 2012 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Endocannabinoids help control mast cell activity in human skin.
120 citations,
August 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 15 are key markers for monitoring the quality and self-renewing potential of engineered skin.
97 citations,
January 2005 in “Wear” Human hair and skin friction vary by ethnicity, hair type, and environmental conditions.
82 citations,
May 2009 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Caffeine penetrates human skin in lab tests similarly to real-life conditions, but actual skin use is still essential for accurate results.
77 citations,
December 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Human skin cells produce proenkephalin, which changes with environmental factors and skin diseases.
69 citations,
June 2017 in “Experimental Biology and Medicine” Advanced human skin models improve drug development and could replace animal testing.
56 citations,
July 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Injected human hair follicle cells can create new, small hair follicles in skin cultures.
47 citations,
March 2022 in “Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology” Changes in skin microbes play a role in some skin diseases and could lead to new treatments.
46 citations,
May 2012 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” Human skin produces sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, influenced by ARO and StAR, which may affect skin elasticity and hair growth.
46 citations,
December 1992 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil decreases LH expression, while hydralazine has mixed effects on prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase activities.
44 citations,
April 2003 in “European journal of pharmaceutical sciences” Lipophilic dyes accumulate more in hair follicles when delivered with surfactant-propylene glycol solutions.
39 citations,
March 2022 in “Nature Protocols” Scientists created hair-growing skin models from stem cells, which could help treat hair loss and skin diseases.
35 citations,
January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
34 citations,
December 1988 in “Pigment Cell Research” Melanocytes appear in fetal skin early, but their development details are still unclear.
29 citations,
April 2020 in “Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine” The experiment showed that human skin grown in the lab started to form early hair structures when special cell clusters were added.
27 citations,
August 2006 in “Laboratory Investigation” SCF and ET-1 together significantly increase skin pigmentation and melanin production.
27 citations,
April 1992 in “Biochemical Journal” Minoxidil reduces lysine hydroxylase in skin cells.
25 citations,
November 2015 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Sebum helps protect human skin from microbes.
22 citations,
January 1985 in “Journal of Human Evolution/Journal of human evolution” Human skin and hair color variation is mainly due to melanin produced by a few genes, with melanin protecting against sun damage.
15 citations,
October 2014 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Erlotinib causes skin inflammation through IL-1, which can be reduced by anakinra.
13 citations,
January 2001 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Micro-Imager® helps see how drugs spread in human skin.
11 citations,
April 2013 in “SpringerPlus” Human skin's melanocytes respond to light by changing shape, producing pigments and hormones, which may affect sleep patterns.
10 citations,
September 2022 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” Current methods can't fully recreate skin and its features, and more research is needed for clinical use.
9 citations,
May 2010 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Human sebaceous glands can grow back in skin grafts on mice and work like normal human glands.