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Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.

Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.

The document concludes that ongoing research using animal models is crucial for better understanding and treating Alopecia Areata.

GPRC5D is linked to the formation of hair, nails, and certain tongue areas.

The research identified two types of keratinocytes in chicken scales: one for hard scales and another for soft skin, with similarities to human skin differentiation.

Different combinations of human hair keratins affect how hair fibers form.

Hair proteins have weak spots in their α-helical segments.

A new film made from human hair supports skin cell growth better than collagen.

Modified keratin binds better to hair, especially bleached hair.

The skin has multiple layers and cells, serves as a protective barrier, helps regulate temperature, enables sensation, affects appearance, and is involved in vitamin D synthesis.

Keratin 18 helps diagnose and predict cancer progression and affects cancer growth and spread.

KRT80 may worsen cancer by increasing growth and spread, but its full effects on treatment and outcomes need more research.

AP collagen peptides improve hair elasticity and gloss.

Hair is important for protection, social interaction, and temperature control, and is made of a growth cycle-influenced follicle and a complex shaft.

Human hair is made up of different keratins, some strong and some weak, with specific types appearing at various stages of hair growth.

Bald thigh syndrome in sighthounds is caused by structural defects in hair shafts due to downregulated genes and proteins.

Human hair follicles grown in vitro maintain normal keratin patterns and structure.

Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.

Notch/CSL signaling controls hair follicle differentiation through Wnt5a and FoxN1.

Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.

Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.

Keratins help protect cells, aid in cancer diagnosis, and influence cancer behavior and treatment.

The document concludes that the human keratin gene cluster is complex, with a need for updated naming to reflect over 50 functional genes important for hair and skin biology.

Hair microscopy is useful for diagnosing hair disorders, but clear definitions are needed for accurate genetic analysis.

Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.

Hair growth is controlled by specific gene clusters and proteins, and cysteine affects hair gene expression in sheep.

A mutation in the KRT71 gene causes a hair disorder by disrupting hair follicle structure and texture.

Human hair protein extracts can protect skin cells from oxidative stress.

Bleaching hair damages protein structure, especially keratin, leading to weakened hair.

Keratin from hair and wool is used in medical materials for healing and drug delivery.