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This study found that androsterone glucuronate (ADT-G) was the only androgenic metabolite sensitive to detecting differences between adult women with acne and controls, and its levels decreased with systemic treatment.

This paper reviews current knowledge about androgens' role in androgenic alopecia and female hirsutism but presents no new clinical findings.

This study found that caucasian subjects had higher serum levels of 5 alpha-reduced androgen metabolites compared to Chinese subjects, suggesting racial differences in 5 alpha-reductase activity and a potential mechanism for increased body hair in caucasian men.

This study found that ovarian suppression significantly reduced serum testosterone and androstenedione in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and idiopathic hirsutism, with hair growth rates decreasing more in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

In this study, cyproterone acetate combined with estradiol dramatically improved hirsutism symptoms and significantly reduced plasma testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients over periods of up to three years.

This study found that metformin treatment during pregnancy in women with PCOS was associated with higher SHBG levels in newborns, but did not affect androgen or estrogen levels at birth.

In this study, researchers identified two potential urinary biomarkers, testosterone–glucuronide and 11α-hydroxyprogesterone, along with four candidate biomarkers, to help understand and diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome.

This study found that stilbamidine and hydroxystilbamidine can inhibit the release of specific enzymes from lysosomes and mitochondria in rabbit liver at certain concentrations, with effects similar to cortisol and chloroquine.

This study observed that ethyl glucuronide (EtG) concentrations in hair decreased significantly during an abstinent period, suggesting possible wash-out effects or other factors affecting EtG levels.

This review discusses the potential of using human hair proteomics for non-invasive diagnostic and forensic applications but reports no new results; the authors highlight areas needing further research.

This study suggests that chest, arm, leg, and beard hair samples may be viable alternatives to scalp hair for monitoring long-term alcohol intake, although body hair is more typically collected from men.

This study reported that patients with decreased kidney function had significantly higher levels of ethyl glucuronide in hair compared to healthy volunteers, suggesting caution when using hair EtG levels to assess driving qualifications.

This case report suggests that Post-Finasteride Syndrome may involve a sustained imbalance in gut bacteria, with fermenting and hydrogen sulphide-producing bacteria disrupting hormone and mitochondrial functions.

This case report proposes that Post-Finasteride Syndrome might be sustained by specific microbes in the small intestine affecting hormone excretion and mitochondrial function, warranting further investigation in a larger cohort.

This study suggests that in women with androgenic alopecia and men with premature balding, enhanced 5α-reductase activity and altered androgen conjugation, favoring sulfurylation, may be involved in scalp hair loss.

This chapter reviews the causes and underlying steroid pathways of hirsutism and virilization in women, detailing relevant conditions and laboratory assays without reporting new clinical results.

This study concluded that finasteride, cyproterone acetate, and flutamide were similarly effective at reducing hirsutism in women, though they acted through different mechanisms.

This article reviews the characteristics and classification of SAHA syndrome and its relationship with other conditions, without presenting new clinical findings.

This case report describes a man who ingested a large amount of topical minoxidil solution and experienced serious and prolonged cardiovascular effects despite rapidly decreasing serum concentration levels.

This study found no significant differences in hormone levels between postmenopausal women with androgenetic alopecia and healthy controls, suggesting potential alternative causes for the condition.

This study investigated the metabolic pathways of epristeride, a new Type II 5α‐reductase inhibitor, using in vitro models and found that its metabolites show significant interactions with key proteins, suggesting implications for its role in doping control.

In this study, females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency exhibited decreased body hair, normal sebum production, and delayed menarche, suggesting a role for DHT in hair growth and menstrual function.

This study suggests that women with idiopathic hirsutism have increased 5α-reductase activity, indicated by elevated levels of 3α-diol glucuronide; further research is needed to assess its clinical biomarker potential.

This study found that women with female pattern baldness had a marked increase in the 3α,17β-androstanediol glucuronide/sex hormone binding globulin ratio and low serum sex hormone binding globulin.

This study reported that compounds isolated from Alpinia zerumbet significantly promoted hair cell growth and exhibited anticancer activity in cell cultures, suggesting potential as treatments for alopecia and cancer.

This study found that different species metabolized minoxidil into various products, with monkeys and humans showing similar profiles primarily excreting a glucuronide conjugate, while rats and dogs showed distinct differences.

This study found that finasteride may effectively reduce hirsutism in women with idiopathic hirsutism, as evidenced by lower Ferriman-Gallwey scores and hormone levels, without significant adverse effects.

This paper proposes that gut dysbiosis plays a crucial role in Post-Finasteride Syndrome by possibly contributing to both androgenic and non-androgenic symptoms, and may explain fluctuating symptom cycles better than static genetic explanations.

This paper hypothesizes that gut dysbiosis acts as a key factor in Post-Finasteride Syndrome, potentially explaining its symptom patterns beyond androgen receptor silencing.

This study found that after oral administration of finasteride in healthy volunteers, the drug was extensively metabolized, with the majority being excreted as metabolites in urine and feces.