January 2026 in “International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery” This report highlights that the ISHRS website achieved 1,000,000 active users in 2025, signaling its emergence as a leading global resource for hair restoration information.
4 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of drug assessment” This study found that finasteride gel 0.25% significantly decreased hair growth in women with idiopathic hirsutism over six months without any reported side effects.
14 citations
,
March 2023 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS phenotype and oxidative stress markers were significantly related to free androgen index levels, but insulin resistance was not.
26 citations
,
October 2017 in “PubMed” According to this study, systemic retinoids, specifically oral isotretinoin and acitretin, were more effective than finasteride in stabilizing the frontal hairline in female patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia, achieving treatment goals in over 70% of cases.
11 citations
,
May 2003 in “Obstetrics and gynecology (New York. 1953. Online)/Obstetrics and gynecology” This review explores the evaluation and treatment of hirsutism, emphasizing a systematic approach to uncovering its causes and recommending combination therapies for effective management, but presents no new results.
January 2023 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study found that hirsutism is a prevalent cosmetic issue among Iraqi women, with most cases being idiopathic and a significant portion having a familial history.
This research reported that AKR1C enzyme expression, particularly AKR1C4, in scalp sebaceous glands decreases with age, suggesting potential age-related changes in androgen metabolism affecting hair follicle health. Additionally, sulforaphane treatment increased AKR1C expression in related cell types.
April 2014 in “The FASEB Journal” This study suggests that testosterone may reduce knee joint range of motion by acting on relaxin receptors in rats, while flutamide and finasteride counteracted this effect and increased receptor expression.
22 citations
,
January 2019 in “Endocrinology and metabolism” This study found that among Filipino women, a modified Ferriman-Gallwey score of 7 or above indicates hirsutism and is significantly associated with elevated calculated free testosterone.
12 citations
,
February 2022 in “Gene” In this study, researchers found that the FOS gene may play a significant role in promoting hair follicle development in Tan sheep between birth and the Er-mao period.
4 citations
,
January 2012 in “Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society (Print)” This study found that premenopausal women with female pattern hair loss had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to healthy controls.
September 2021 in “World journal of urology” The correction states that the label change for Finasteride was in 2012, leading to more reports of side effects from non-healthcare people.
33 citations
,
April 2015 in “Cochrane library” This review examined various treatments for hirsutism and found low to very low quality evidence suggesting that flutamide and spironolactone may help reduce hair growth, while metformin was ineffective.
September 2025 in “Romanian Journal of Medical Practice” In this study of women with female pattern hair loss, iron deficiency was associated with the condition due to significantly lower serum ferritin and altered hematological indices compared to healthy controls, while no significant differences in serotonin levels or renal function were observed.
17 citations
,
October 2017 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” This review discusses the various treatment options for frontal fibrosing alopecia but reports no definitive results, as no treatment has proven effective in halting hairline recession or promoting hair growth.
5 citations
,
February 2016 in “Sultan Qaboos University medical journal” This case report describes a patient with a severe pruritic rash and hair loss in both axillary regions, with no fluorescence under a Wood's lamp and hair follicle-centred papules observed through dermoscopy.
6 citations
,
May 1997 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” This study found that a gene from hamster flank organs is indirectly regulated by androgens, despite lacking direct androgen responsive elements, indicating involvement of androgen-dependent transcription factors.
14 citations
,
April 2013 in “Journal of dermatological science” This study found that Hairless protein down-regulates Msx2 expression, affecting hair follicle formation in Hairpoor mice by altering the MSX2 regulatory pathway.
68 citations
,
May 1991 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study found that both cyproterone acetate and spironolactone effectively reduced hair diameter and plasma testosterone levels in hirsute women, with no significant differences between the two treatments.
8 citations
,
May 2019 in “International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery” This review discusses the establishment of standard terminology for follicular unit extraction (FUE) by the ISHRS committee and reports no new results; the terminology is now widely accepted in hair restoration practices.
July 2026 in “Skin Appendage Disorders” This review highlights that poor therapeutic responses in female pattern hair loss involve multiple factors, including pharmacogenetic influences and comorbidities. It suggests a framework to improve outcomes by identifying the primary contributors and using personalized treatment strategies.
53 citations
,
May 2010 in “PubMed” This paper discusses spironolactone as a potential off-label treatment for female pattern hair loss, noting its ability to halt hair loss progression and induce partial regrowth in a significant number of women but reports no new clinical results.
April 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” This study analyzed 3,295 cases from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System to describe demographics and reporting trends of post-finasteride syndrome, finding that most reports came from patients rather than health professionals.
November 2022 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that ESR1 gene polymorphisms may be linked to hormonal imbalances in young women with hyperandrogenism, potentially affecting bone mineral density indirectly.
January 2011 in “Yearbook of Endocrinology”
22 citations
,
January 2008 in “Physiological Research” This review discusses the role of steroid sulfatase in steroid hormone metabolism and highlights the need for more research on its expression and regulation, especially regarding hormone-dependent tumors.
8 citations
,
October 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study evaluated treatments for frontal fibrosing alopecia and found hydroxychloroquine and 5a-reductase inhibitors to be most effective, with 70-72% of patients experiencing stabilization or improvement, but limitations in treatment consistency and assessment methods remain.
12 citations
,
February 2016 in “Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications” This study found that sulforaphane treatment enhanced hair regeneration in ob/ob mice by increasing DHT-degrading enzyme levels and lowering plasma testosterone and DHT.
75 citations
,
March 1999 in “Fertility and sterility” This study concluded that finasteride, cyproterone acetate, and flutamide were similarly effective at reducing hirsutism in women, though they acted through different mechanisms.
July 2019 in “International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery” This course overview discusses educational sessions on hair restoration surgery and FUE techniques and reports no new research findings.