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The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Metformin helps manage polycystic ovary syndrome by improving insulin resistance and ovulation, but more research is needed on its full effects.

Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.

Opioid painkillers can cause many side effects, including breathing problems and addiction, but are generally considered safe when used properly.

Jumonji genes are important for development and their mutations can cause abnormalities, especially in the heart and brain.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

Lower doses of treatments for hirsutism and acne in PCOS are effective and cause fewer side effects.

Fibromodulin might help reduce scarring if increased in adult wounds like in fetal skin that heals without scars.

Epirubicin is as effective as doxorubicin for cancer treatment with less heart damage, but doesn't work on doxorubicin-resistant cancers.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Androgens can cause hair growth in some areas and hair loss on the scalp.

Methotrexate treats various disorders by inhibiting DNA synthesis, but careful monitoring is needed to avoid toxicity and manage side effects.

Liposomal systems show promise for delivering drugs through the skin but face challenges like high costs and stability issues.

Pig skin is a good substitute for human skin to measure drug absorption, but differences in skin structure and enzymes across species must be considered.

Trilostane effectively improved symptoms in dogs with a certain adrenal gland disorder.

Researchers developed promising agents for prostate cancer imaging, with the best one showing high potential for clinical use.

Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.

Targeting the IL-23/IL-17 pathway effectively treats several inflammatory skin diseases.

The WNT signaling pathway is important in many diseases and targeting it could offer new treatments.

Liposomes improve drug delivery and reduce skin irritation in dermatology.

Protoporphyrin IX is useful in cancer treatment but can cause health problems if not properly regulated.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.

Hair analysis can detect cocaine use but doesn't accurately show the amount or timing of use.

Liposomes and niosomes improve finasteride delivery for hair loss treatment.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Targeting androgen receptors could be a promising way to treat skin disorders with fewer side effects.

New targets for making and using brain-synthesized steroids could lead to better treatments for brain disorders and alcoholism.

No single treatment is consistently effective for alopecia areata, and more research is needed.

Modern lifestyles, including poor diet, stress, and long-term use of certain medications, hinder the body's ability to heal from inflammation, leading to chronic diseases.