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In this laboratory study, eucalyptus oil, menthol, and urea were found to enhance the skin permeability of minoxidil in rat skin by increasing flux and diffusion coefficients compared to untreated skin.

This study observed that aluminum inhibits root hair growth in Limnobium stoloniferum, potentially by blocking calcium influx, although growth inhibition was also present at lower aluminum concentrations without affecting calcium flux.

This chapter reviews hormonal imbalances and related disorders, discussing nutraceuticals—such as cod liver oil, green tea, and Omega-3s—that may alleviate symptoms and improve hormonal fluxes in lieu of traditional synthetic treatments that have potential side effects.

This review covers the use of phytogenic compounds like essential oils and melatonin in dog nutrition and topical applications and reports no new experimental findings; the authors highlight their potential to address issues such as pet stress, sleep disorders, and alopecia.

This study found that drug delivery through human scalp skin may be more effective for lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs compared to abdominal skin, highlighting the potential of intrafollicular delivery methods.

This study found that electroosmotic flow through hair follicles significantly contributes to solution flow during iontophoresis in hairless mouse skin.

This study found that targeting the hair follicle can be increased by using lipophilic drugs combined with surfactant solutions and propylene glycol.

This study developed dissolving microneedles using specific polymers for transdermal delivery of rizatriptan benzoate, demonstrating improved drug skin penetration and significant alleviation of migraine symptoms in vivo compared to passive diffusion, suggesting potential advantages over conventional treatment methods for acute migraine.

This study found that diffusion coefficients of chemicals in artificial sebum are significantly higher than those in stratum corneum lipids, suggesting the hair follicle may significantly contribute to transdermal permeation.

This study found that low-frequency sonophoresis significantly decreased the skin penetration of sodium fluorescein-loaded PEGylated liposomes with D-limonene and affected percutaneous absorption by partially plugging hair follicle orifices.

This study found that a transdermal drug delivery system using nanostructured lipid carriers and polymeric microneedles for β-sitosterol significantly enhanced hair growth in testosterone-induced alopecia rats, suggesting potential for treating androgenic alopecia.

This study found that low frequency sonophoresis may reduce percutaneous absorption of sodium fluorescein-loaded liposomes by partially blocking follicular pathways in the skin.

This study found that iontophoresis significantly increased the retention of minoxidil sulfate in hair follicles, potentially improving drug delivery for androgenic alopecia treatment.

This study found that iontophoresis significantly increased folicular delivery of minoxidil sulfate and sustained release when combined with chitosan microparticles, suggesting potential to reduce application frequency for treating androgenic alopecia.

This review discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, but reports no new research results.

This review describes how recent discoveries in genetic defects and alternative pathways in androgen biosynthesis are reshaping our understanding of male sexual differentiation, but it presents no new clinical findings.

This study found that fractional laser treatment significantly enhances the penetration and targeting of certain permeants, such as imiquimod and FD, to skin follicles, but not hydroquinone.

This study found that Er–YAG laser treatment significantly enhanced skin absorption and follicular delivery of antialopecia drugs, suggesting a potential laser-assisted approach to treat alopecia.

This study reported that nanoemulsions significantly improved the skin permeability of thiocolchicoside compared to its aqueous solution, suggesting they are effective carriers for its transdermal delivery.

This study found that UVA and UVB exposure increased hydroquinone and sunscreen absorption in nude mouse skin, with less absorption enhancement observed in more lipophilic sunscreens.

This study found that formulation factors like pH, viscosity, and chemical enhancers can significantly influence intrafollicular hydrocortisone permeation in vitro, with higher pH and enhancers reducing follicular contribution.

This study found that invasomes enhanced the iontophoretic transdermal delivery of finasteride in rabbits, increasing AUC and T1/2 compared to oral suspension.

In this study, researchers reviewed literature on topical delivery of finasteride for androgenetic alopecia, finding that liposomal gels with specific additives showed the highest skin permeation rates, suggesting potential for reducing systemic side effects compared to oral formulations.

This review summarizes a 15-year collaboration on the role of synaptic-like vesicles in mechanosensory nerve terminals and suggests potential therapeutic implications for conditions like hypertension and muscle spasticity.

The flutamide-loaded hydrogel is a promising, skin-friendly treatment for acne and hair loss, potentially requiring less frequent application.

This study found that ketorolac tert-butyl ester enhances skin permeation and follicular absorption compared to ketorolac, highlighting the role of lipophilicity and solubility in prodrug design.

This study analyzed dosimetric quantities in x-ray microbeam radiation therapy and found that the peak-to-valley dose ratio decreases with depth in the irradiated object.

This study developed cilostazol-loaded formulations for nose-to-brain delivery, finding that these formulations improved cilostazol's bioavailability by enhancing solubility, absorption, and permeability, achieving nearly 100% drug release in vitro within 2 hours.

This study found that using short durations of heat with chemical penetration enhancers improved isotretinoin delivery to human skin, especially via the hair follicles.

This study developed a nanoemulsion of garlic oil and apple cider vinegar loaded with minoxidil to enhance drug permeation through skin, reporting improved ex vivo skin permeation parameters compared to an aqueous dispersion of minoxidil, suggesting potential benefits for treating alopecia areata.