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This review explores how estrogens influence skin health and attractiveness in women, particularly with aging, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that penile and clitoral differentiation in mice is influenced by androgen exposure, with penile features developing postnatally requiring prenatal and ongoing androgen presence.

This review discusses the role of estrogens in hair follicle cycling and the skin, highlighting the need for more research on estrogen signaling pathways and their interactions with other factors in hair biology.

In this study, women with hirsutism and amenorrhea showed lower serum estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin concentrations but higher levels of unbound testosterone compared to normal individuals.

This study observed that in vitro treatment of male frontotemporal scalp hair follicles with 17-β-estradiol stimulated hair shaft generation and hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation, suggesting potential anagen-prolonging effects.

This article summarizes findings on the role of androgens and estrogens in male reproductive tissues across species, highlighting the roles of hormone metabolism, receptor distribution, and stress-induced changes.

This study found that estrogen can cause reversible suppression of the hair cycle by inducing premature catagen and maintaining the telogen phase without damaging the hair follicle stem cell niche or the signature gene expressions of dermal papilla cells.

This study reported that while finasteride and progesterone significantly inhibited dihydrotestosterone synthesis in dermal papillae, estrogens were less effective.

In this study, prolonged systemic administration of 17β-estradiol in castrated male mice delayed wound healing by inhibiting re-epithelialization and reducing collagen accumulation, with estrogen receptor-α likely mediating this effect.

This study found that estrogen affected cell behaviors differently in a scratch-wound assay, increasing VEGF secretion in follicular dermal papilla cells but decreasing it in wounded dermal sheath cells.

This study found no significant difference in estrogen and progesterone receptor expression between androgenic alopecia and alopecia areata, suggesting an indirect hormonal influence on androgenic alopecia.

In this study, testosterone protected female embryonic heart cells from metabolic stress by being converted into metabolites that activate estrogen receptors and up-regulate certain mitochondrial channel proteins.

This study found that flutamide, finasteride, ketoconazole, and EE-CPA all significantly reduced hirsutism scores, hair diameter, and hair growth rate in women with hirsutism over 12 months.

This study found that the activation of ER‑β increased keratinocyte proliferation and gene expression related to epidermal regeneration, enhancing wound healing in both cell models and rats.

This article discusses the use of topical estrogen therapy for androgenetic alopecia in menopausal females and reports no new clinical results.

This study found that sex differences in somatostatin biosynthesis in rat hypothalamic neurons develop between postnatal day 1 and 5, influenced by the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.

This study found that treatment with a GnRH agonist and estrogen and progestin replacement significantly improved hirsutism scores and hair growth rates in women with polycystic ovarian disease.

This meta-analysis found that in postmenopausal women with a history of breast cancer, 8 weeks of vaginal estrogen therapy while on aromatase inhibitors did not result in systemic absorption of sex hormones, suggesting potential safety for treating vulvovaginal atrophy in this context.

This report describes a case where a sex reassignment patient on estrogen therapy experienced complete hair regrowth on a previously fully alopecic scalp.

This review discusses the diagnostic challenges of androgen and estrogen-secreting adrenal tumors and highlights that the presence of metastases is the most reliable indicator of malignancy; it reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the potential role of vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular and renal diseases and suggests that supplemental vitamin D could benefit cardiovascular outcomes, especially in African American and postmenopausal women; it reports no new clinical findings.

This review summarizes how common polymorphisms in androgen and estrogen receptor genes may influence aging-related symptoms and diseases in men, but it reports no new clinical results.

β-estradiol slows hair growth in mice.

In this study, certain genetic variations in the ESR1 and ESR2 genes were strongly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and related metabolic issues in Tunisian women.

This study observed that estrogen receptor β and androgen receptor expressions in the skin decline with age, more noticeably under sun exposure, suggesting a role in skin aging.

This study found that in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, 17β-estradiol repressed polyamine oxidase transcription by interacting with AP-1 sites on its promoter.

This study did not find any significant effects of estradiol or its antagonists on hair growth in two common mouse strains, challenging previous results reported by Oh and Smart.

This review highlights the possible impact of side effects from endocrine therapy on quality of life, emphasizing that these can lead to poor adherence and early treatment discontinuation in patients with hormone receptor positive early breast cancer, potentially worsening survival outcomes.

In this study, researchers found that shorter CA repeats in the ERbeta gene are correlated with PSA expression, and PSA immunoexpression is associated with increased disease-free survival in breast cancer.

This study found that specialized nipple epidermis in mice is maintained by the repression of TGFβ signaling through estrogen, which highlights the role of hormonal regulation in epidermal maintenance.