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This review discusses the role of oestrogens in stimulating linear bone growth and pubertal changes in both boys and girls, highlighting their influence on the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis; it reports no new clinical results.

This article discusses the role of estrogens in skin aging and reports no new findings; it highlights the potential of selective ER modulators to improve skin health without systemic side effects.

This review indicates that estrogen loss during menopause significantly impacts skin health, while estrogen treatment may increase skin collagen, thickness, and elasticity, though effects on other skin characteristics are inconsistent.

This review explores the significant impacts of hormonal changes within normal physiological ranges and suggests examining low-dose effects from chemicals disrupting hormonal activity; it presents no new clinical results.

This study observed that estrogen receptor β and androgen receptor expressions in the skin decline with age, more noticeably under sun exposure, suggesting a role in skin aging.

In this study, researchers found that shorter CA repeats in the ERbeta gene are correlated with PSA expression, and PSA immunoexpression is associated with increased disease-free survival in breast cancer.

This review discusses the prevalence and clinical impact of menstrual abnormalities, acne, and hirsutism in young women with Cushing's syndrome and reports no new clinical results.

This study discusses the complex roles and effects of brain-synthesized sex neurosteroids, highlighting sex differences in their concentrations and their varied impacts on synaptic plasticity, cognitive behavior, and aging-related cognitive decline.

In this study, only European-ancestry females showed a linear increase in cutaneous malignant melanoma risk with age, potentially due to the loss of HPV-infected androgenic follicles after menopause.

This study found that testosterone therapy increased bone mineral density in older men with low testosterone, and combining it with finasteride may reduce prostate enlargement associated with testosterone treatment.

This study demonstrates that locally synthesized estrogen and androgen neurosteroids play opposite roles in long-term synaptic changes in male rats' medial vestibular nucleus, with testosterone-dihydrotestosterone mediating long-term depression and 17β-estradiol mediating long-term potentiation.

In this study, testosterone and finasteride were found to increase insulin and zinc levels while decreasing chromium levels in male adult rats, suggesting potential effects on the glucose cycle.

This review discusses the role of oestrogens in stimulating growth hormone secretion and influencing linear bone growth in children, and reports no new clinical results; the authors suggest that oestrogens play a key role in pubertal growth spurts for both genders.

This article discusses the influence of estrogens on hair follicle growth and metabolism, suggesting a significant role alongside androgens in hair growth control but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the role of estrogens in hair follicle cycling and the skin, highlighting the need for more research on estrogen signaling pathways and their interactions with other factors in hair biology.

This study found that estrogen receptor beta, not alpha, is the main mediator of estrogen action in human skin and hair follicles, suggesting a distinct role in these tissues.

This study found that serum androgen levels in premenopausal women may be influenced by genetic variants of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor β genes.

This study found that androgen binding in male rat livers involves specific androgen receptors, which decrease with castration and are inducible in female livers with testosterone.

This study found that the activation of ER‑β increased keratinocyte proliferation and gene expression related to epidermal regeneration, enhancing wound healing in both cell models and rats.

This review discusses the potential role of vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular and renal diseases and suggests that supplemental vitamin D could benefit cardiovascular outcomes, especially in African American and postmenopausal women; it reports no new clinical findings.

This review summarizes how common polymorphisms in androgen and estrogen receptor genes may influence aging-related symptoms and diseases in men, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study analyzed self-reports from discussion forums to categorize and understand adverse effects experienced by individuals using finasteride, suggesting a need for further investigation into post-finasteride syndrome.

This study found that specialized nipple epidermis in mice is maintained by the repression of TGFβ signaling through estrogen, which highlights the role of hormonal regulation in epidermal maintenance.

Small hormonal imbalances can cause significant health problems, so more sensitive testing for hormone-disrupting chemicals is needed.

This study found that sex differences in somatostatin biosynthesis in rat hypothalamic neurons develop between postnatal day 1 and 5, influenced by the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.

This study surveyed individuals seeking estrogen-based gender-affirming hormone therapy, revealing that improving life satisfaction and femininity are top treatment goals, and highlighting the need for trials aligned with community priorities.

This study observed specific expression patterns of three zebrafish estrogen receptor genes during development, highlighting robust co-expression of esr2a and esr2b in primary neuromasts, branchial arches, and other tissues.

This case report describes a postmenopausal woman who experienced facial erythema, acne, and hirsutism due to excess androgen and estrogen levels.

This in vitro study suggests that factors in the serum of PCOS patients may contribute to ovarian dysfunction, evidenced by higher hormone production and primordial follicle survival compared to control sera.

This study found that serum GPER-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with androgenetic alopecia compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential role in the condition's pathogenesis, independent of gender.